Respiratory Flashcards
A 57-year-old man presents with a 5-month history of productive cough and shortness of breath. He has a significant smoking history. A barrel chest is noted with hyper-resonance on percussion.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A 26-year-old female presents with episodic shortness of breath and wheeze, particularly worse early in the morning. She has noticed that being around her cat worsens her symptoms.
Asthma
A 64-year old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents to his GP with a chronic, purulent cough. His rheumatoid arthritis is managed well on leflunomide but he suffered from a number of chest infections in the last year. He has never smoked.
Bronchiectasis
A 6-month old boy presents with his mother who is concerned about his growth, despite him having a voracious appetite. He has been on antibiotics for an ongoing productive cough, and his stools have a foul smell.
Cystic fibrosis
A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1-hour history of breathlessness and pleuritic chest pain. He is slim and tall, and has been smoking since the age of 15.
Pneumothorax
A 70-year-old man has noticed blood in his sputum, as well as increasing breathlessness and 6 kg unintentional weight loss. He has been an avid smoker for the last 40 years.
Lung cancer
A 70-year-old woman presents with slowly increasing dyspnoea. She cannot lie flat without feeling more short of breath. She has a history of hypertension and osteoarthritis, and she has been taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with increasing frequency over the previous few months. On physical examination, she appears dyspnoeic at rest, her blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg, and pulse is 90 bpm. Her jugular venous pressure is elevated to the angle of the jaw. The left lung field is dull to percussion with quiet breath sounds basally. Crackles are heard in the right lung field and above the line of dullness on the left. Lower extremities have pitting oedema to the knee
Pleural effusion
A 68-year-old man presents with shortness of breath and weight loss. He was previously an electrician. On examination, stony dullness to percussion is noted at the left base and breath sounds are reduced.
Mesothelioma
A 70-year-old man has noticed blood in his sputum, as well as increasing breathlessness and 6 kg unintentional weight loss. He has been an avid smoker for the last 40 years.
Lung cancer
