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Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary embolism coursed by……….. And its symptoms triad are :…..

A

-deep venous thrombosis
-it’s triad :
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Pleuretic chest pain during inspiration

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2
Q

T or F
Aspirin is anticoagulant
Warfarin is antiplatelet

A

False… Antiplatelet
False… Anticoagulant

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3
Q

Anticoagulant drugs are :
1-………
2-heparin:
- Low molecular (if RF not present) such as……….., ………….., ………….
- Unfragmented if RF is present

A

1-Warfarin which is vit. K antagonist
2-Fondaparinux, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin(trade name is Clexane)

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4
Q

Patient who is sensitive to Warfarin, we should give him rapid acting drugs such as:….

A

1- Rivaroxaban or apixaban : orally l.t. Inh. Of factor X
2- Dabigatran(orally) or argotoban(i.v) inh. Thrombin

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5
Q

Symptoms of asthma : (2T 2C D W)

A

-Tachycardia and tachypnea
-Cough and chest tightness
-Dyspnea
-Wheezing

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6
Q

1st step of treatment of asthma is using……..by inhalation such as :
-……..
-……..
-……..

-
-
-

A

SABA (short acting B2 agonists)
Such as :
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol

S.E:
Tremors
Tachycardia
Tolerance
Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia

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7
Q

2nd step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with………by inhalation such as :…….,……….,……..
And it’s S.E:(GO IPCH)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S.E. of beclomethasone are:
-
-

A

Corticosteroids(block phospholipase A2)
e.g. Beclomethasone and prednisolone(also used in ttt of nephrotic syndrome)

S.E (irreversible) :
Gout
Osteoporosis
Immune suppression
Peptic ulcer
Hyperglycemia and hypertension

S.E. Are:
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Nasal irritation

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8
Q

Antidote of Warfarin is……..

A

Fresh Frozen plasma

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9
Q

Antidote of heparin……
Antidote of fibrinolytics (plasminogen inhibitor) is…..

A

Protamine sulfate
Tranexamic acid and amino-caprice acid (used in post partum hge & menorrhagia)

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10
Q

Antidote of Aspirin is……

A

Ethamsylate (stim. Platelet aggregation)

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11
Q

Antidote of Dabigatran is……. And antidote of Rivaroxaban and apixaban is…..

A

Idarucizumab (one of monoclonal antibody)
Andexanet alfa

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12
Q

Warfarin is teratogenic and alos more dangerous than Aspirin (T or F)

A

True

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13
Q

3rd step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with……..Such as……….

A

Leukotriens receptors antagonist

Montelukast
Rare in case of churg Strauss syndrome

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14
Q

-
5th step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with………. Such as…….

A

LABA (long acting B2 agonist)
E.g.
-Salmeterol
-Formeterol

Long acting corticosteroids
Such as Fluticasone

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15
Q

Other drugs in treatment of asthma is xanthine derivatives (e.g. 1…………2………..) which block……….. L.t increase cAMP
But its S.E:(ticea)
-
-
-
-

A

1-Theophylline orally
2-Aminophylline injection or oral

S.E. :
Tachycardia
Insomnia
Constipation
Euophoria
Anxiety

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16
Q

Muscarinic antagonists also used to treat asthma (bronchodilatation) e.g. :
1-………..is short acting for acute asthma
2-………..is long acting for prophylaxis

A

Ipratrobium(more effective in COPD)

Tiotropium

17
Q

MgSO4 used in severe asthma (T or F)

A

True

18
Q

Prophylactic drugs for asthma such as Monoclonal antibody (immune suppression) e.g. :
1-…………. Is bind to IgE and stop its action
1-…………. Is bind to IL5 l.t. inhibition of it.

A

1- omalizumab
2- mepolizumab

19
Q

Other Prophylactic drugs of asthma is Mast cell stabilizers e.g. :

1-…….by inhalation
2-…….orally
3-…….

They prevent degranulation and 5HT2 antagonist and antihistamine (T or F)

-

A

1-Cromolyn
2-ketotifen
3-pizotifen

True

S.E.
-weight gain
-sedation

20
Q

Anti cough drugs :

1st - Antitussive drugs (morphine derivatives) such as :
1-………..which l.t. :
A-
B-
C-

2-…………..which its tolerance less than codeine

2nd-Mucolytic drugs :
1-……
2-……

3rd- expectorant (⬇️viscosity of mucous):
1-……

A

1- Codeine
A-central antitussive
B-antidiarrhea
C-analgesic as solpadeine

2- dextromethorphan

2nd:
1-ambroxol
2-bromhexine

3rd:
1- guaifenesin

21
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia :(SDC F2)

A

Sputum
Dyspnea
Cough
Fever
Fatigue

22
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia associated with herpes labialis (cold sores) is treated by ……….

A

Amoxicillin

23
Q

Staphylococcus pneumonia associated with influenza is treated by……….,…………,……….

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus treated by………..(may cause renal failure) or………..,………,………

A

Flucloxacillin, Methicillin, oxacillin

Vancomycin.
Teicoplanin, daptomycin, linezolid

24
Q

Klebsilla pneumonia associated with alcoholics is treated by:
1-
2-

A

By 3rd generation of cephalosporine like:
1-ceftriaxone
2-cefotaxime

25
Q

Atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia is treated by :
1-
2-
3-

A

1-clarithromycin
2-erythromycin (not preferred due to its S.E. : GIT disturbances, jaundice & metabolism inhibition
3-tetracycline e.g. Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline. They are C.I in pregnancy, children and lactating women.

26
Q

Pneumonia with cystic fibrosis is caused by :
1- haemophylus influenza which treated by……………..
2-pseudonomas bacteria which treated by 4th group of penicillin such as………..,………..,………..

A

1- third generation of cephalosporine

2- carbencillin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin

27
Q

Pneumonia coused by mycobacerium avian is treated by combination of three drugs (………….,…………,………..)

A

Rufampine, ethambutol, clarithromycin

28
Q

PCP(pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jiroveci) is treated by………(a combination of………………..&………………….)

A

Co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim)
And it’s prevented in pregnancy.

29
Q

Metabolic inhibitor drugs such as :
1-
2-
Metabolic inducer drugs such as :
1-

A

1-erythromycin
2-cimetidiene

1- Rifampin

30
Q

-
-
-

A
  • Isoniazid (for 6 months and may couse peripheral neuropathy )
  • Rifampin (for 6 months and may change color of urine)
  • Pyrazinamide (for 2 months and may cause hyperuricemia )
  • Ethambutol (for 2 months and may cause optic neuritis)
31
Q

Both Ethambutol and Ivabradine cause……………….as a side effect.

A

Visual disturbances

32
Q

Pyrazinamide s.e is……………..,so it’s C. I in patient with Gout.

A

Hyperuricemia

33
Q

Antidotes of Warfarin are :
1-
2-
3-

A

1- Prothrombin complex concentrate(PCC)
2- Fresh Frozen plasma
3- Vit. K

34
Q

-
-

And treated by………. &…..

A

-RF (acute)
-eosinophilia
-skin rash (livedo reticularis )

ttt. by i.v fluid & O2

35
Q

Triad of nephrotic syndrome is
A-
B-
C-
And treated by…………..

Triad of nephritic syndrome(which occurs due to post streptococcal glomerulonephritis “PSGN”) is
A-
B-
C-
And treated by……….

A

A- proteinuria
B- hypoalbuminemia
C- generalized edema
ttt by Prednisolone

A-haematouria
B- oligouria
C- hypertension
ttt by Fursemide

36
Q

Cranial diabetes insipidus caused by ⬇️ of ADH and treated by…………….which act on V2 receptor to ⬆️ reabsorption

A

Desmopressin
Also used in ttt of hemophilia and VWF disease because it ⬆️ production of factor VIII & VWF

37
Q

If there is a problem in V2 receptor, we treated by :
1-
2-
3-

A

1- Sildenafil (the best)
2- thiazide diuretics
3- NSAIDs

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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