Respiratory Flashcards by Bashar Qasem

Pulmonary embolism coursed by……….. And its symptoms triad are :…..

-deep venous thrombosis
-it’s triad :
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Pleuretic chest pain during inspiration

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T or F
Aspirin is anticoagulant
Warfarin is antiplatelet

False… Antiplatelet
False… Anticoagulant

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Anticoagulant drugs are :
1-………
2-heparin:
- Low molecular (if RF not present) such as……….., ………….., ………….
- Unfragmented if RF is present

1-Warfarin which is vit. K antagonist
2-Fondaparinux, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin(trade name is Clexane)

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Patient who is sensitive to Warfarin, we should give him rapid acting drugs such as:….

1- Rivaroxaban or apixaban : orally l.t. Inh. Of factor X
2- Dabigatran(orally) or argotoban(i.v) inh. Thrombin

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Symptoms of asthma : (2T 2C D W)

-Tachycardia and tachypnea
-Cough and chest tightness
-Dyspnea
-Wheezing

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1st step of treatment of asthma is using……..by inhalation such as :
-……..
-……..
-……..

-
-
-

SABA (short acting B2 agonists)
Such as :
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol

S.E:
Tremors
Tachycardia
Tolerance
Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia

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2nd step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with………by inhalation such as :…….,……….,……..
And it’s S.E:(GO IPCH)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S.E. of beclomethasone are:
-
-

Corticosteroids(block phospholipase A2)
e.g. Beclomethasone and prednisolone(also used in ttt of nephrotic syndrome)

S.E (irreversible) :
Gout
Osteoporosis
Immune suppression
Peptic ulcer
Hyperglycemia and hypertension

S.E. Are:
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Nasal irritation

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Antidote of Warfarin is……..

Fresh Frozen plasma

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Antidote of heparin……
Antidote of fibrinolytics (plasminogen inhibitor) is…..

Protamine sulfate
Tranexamic acid and amino-caprice acid (used in post partum hge & menorrhagia)

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Antidote of Aspirin is……

Ethamsylate (stim. Platelet aggregation)

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Antidote of Dabigatran is……. And antidote of Rivaroxaban and apixaban is…..

Idarucizumab (one of monoclonal antibody)
Andexanet alfa

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Warfarin is teratogenic and alos more dangerous than Aspirin (T or F)

True

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3rd step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with……..Such as……….

Leukotriens receptors antagonist

Montelukast
Rare in case of churg Strauss syndrome

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-
5th step of treatment of asthma is using SABA with………. Such as…….

LABA (long acting B2 agonist)
E.g.
-Salmeterol
-Formeterol

Long acting corticosteroids
Such as Fluticasone

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Other drugs in treatment of asthma is xanthine derivatives (e.g. 1…………2………..) which block……….. L.t increase cAMP
But its S.E:(ticea)
-
-
-
-

1-Theophylline orally
2-Aminophylline injection or oral

S.E. :
Tachycardia
Insomnia
Constipation
Euophoria
Anxiety

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Muscarinic antagonists also used to treat asthma (bronchodilatation) e.g. :
1-………..is short acting for acute asthma
2-………..is long acting for prophylaxis

Ipratrobium(more effective in COPD)

Tiotropium

MgSO4 used in severe asthma (T or F)

True

Prophylactic drugs for asthma such as Monoclonal antibody (immune suppression) e.g. :
1-…………. Is bind to IgE and stop its action
1-…………. Is bind to IL5 l.t. inhibition of it.

1- omalizumab
2- mepolizumab

Other Prophylactic drugs of asthma is Mast cell stabilizers e.g. :

1-…….by inhalation
2-…….orally
3-…….

They prevent degranulation and 5HT2 antagonist and antihistamine (T or F)

1-Cromolyn
2-ketotifen
3-pizotifen

True

S.E.
-weight gain
-sedation

Anti cough drugs :

1st - Antitussive drugs (morphine derivatives) such as :
1-………..which l.t. :
A-
B-
C-

2-…………..which its tolerance less than codeine

2nd-Mucolytic drugs :
1-……
2-……

3rd- expectorant (⬇️viscosity of mucous):
1-……

1- Codeine
A-central antitussive
B-antidiarrhea
C-analgesic as solpadeine

2- dextromethorphan

2nd:
1-ambroxol
2-bromhexine

3rd:
1- guaifenesin

Symptoms of pneumonia :(SDC F2)

Sputum
Dyspnea
Cough
Fever
Fatigue

Streptococcus pneumonia associated with herpes labialis (cold sores) is treated by ……….

Amoxicillin

Staphylococcus pneumonia associated with influenza is treated by……….,…………,……….

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus treated by………..(may cause renal failure) or………..,………,………

Flucloxacillin, Methicillin, oxacillin

Vancomycin.
Teicoplanin, daptomycin, linezolid

Klebsilla pneumonia associated with alcoholics is treated by:
1-
2-

By 3rd generation of cephalosporine like:
1-ceftriaxone
2-cefotaxime

Atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia is treated by : 1- 2- 3-

1-clarithromycin 2-erythromycin (not preferred due to its S.E. : GIT disturbances, jaundice & metabolism inhibition 3-tetracycline e.g. Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline. They are C.I in pregnancy, children and lactating women.

Pneumonia with cystic fibrosis is caused by : 1- haemophylus influenza which treated by................. 2-pseudonomas bacteria which treated by 4th group of penicillin such as...........,...........,...........

1- third generation of cephalosporine 2- carbencillin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin

Pneumonia coused by mycobacerium avian is treated by combination of three drugs (.............,............,...........)

Rufampine, ethambutol, clarithromycin

PCP(pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jiroveci) is treated by.........(a combination of....................&......................)

Co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim) And it's prevented in pregnancy.

Metabolic inhibitor drugs such as : 1- 2- Metabolic inducer drugs such as : 1-

1-erythromycin 2-cimetidiene 1- Rifampin

T.B is treated by: - - - -

- Isoniazid (for 6 months and may couse peripheral neuropathy ) - Rifampin (for 6 months and may change color of urine) - Pyrazinamide (for 2 months and may cause hyperuricemia ) - Ethambutol (for 2 months and may cause optic neuritis)

Both Ethambutol and Ivabradine cause...................as a side effect.

Visual disturbances

Pyrazinamide s.e is.................,so it's C. I in patient with Gout.

Hyperuricemia

Antidotes of Warfarin are : 1- 2- 3-

1- Prothrombin complex concentrate(PCC) 2- Fresh Frozen plasma 3- Vit. K

Fat embolism triad : (SER) - - - And treated by.......... &.....

-RF (acute) -eosinophilia -skin rash (livedo reticularis ) ttt. by i.v fluid & O2

Triad of nephrotic syndrome is A- B- C- And treated by.............. Triad of nephritic syndrome(which occurs due to post streptococcal glomerulonephritis "PSGN") is A- B- C- And treated by..........

A- proteinuria B- hypoalbuminemia C- generalized edema ttt by Prednisolone A-haematouria B- oligouria C- hypertension ttt by Fursemide

Cranial diabetes insipidus caused by ⬇️ of ADH and treated by................which act on V2 receptor to ⬆️ reabsorption

Desmopressin Also used in ttt of hemophilia and VWF disease because it ⬆️ production of factor VIII & VWF

If there is a problem in V2 receptor, we treated by : 1- 2- 3-

1- Sildenafil (the best) 2- thiazide diuretics 3- NSAIDs