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Science For Physiotherapy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes are on the left lung

A

2

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2
Q

How many lobes on the right lung

A

3

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3
Q

What is a fissure

A

Divide the lungs in lobes

(UPPER MIDDLE AND LOWER)

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4
Q

What types of fissures are there and which lungs have them

A

Horizontal, oblique and transverse

The left side only has oblique

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5
Q

What is surface anatomy

A

Something we need to know to visualise what’s inside

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6
Q

What is the space between the 2 ribs called

A

Intercostal space

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7
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate

A

12-16 breaths per minute

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8
Q

What is the term called of a patient has a respiratory rate of more than 16

A

Tachypnea

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9
Q

What is the term called when a patient has a rate of less than 12 breaths per minute

A

Bradypnea

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10
Q

What are the two methods of calculating the respiratory rate of a patient

A

Observing the the movement of the chest or abdominal lobe

Palpation - student places hand on chest or abdominal lobe to find out breath rate

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11
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration

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12
Q

Residual volume

A

The amount of air which remains in the lungs after expiration

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13
Q

Expiratory residual volume

A

The amount of air that is expired after maximum expiration

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14
Q

Inspiratory residual volume

A

The amount of air that is inspired after maximum inspiration

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15
Q

Total lung capacity

A

The capacity of air the lung can hold (5l)

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16
Q

Vital capacity

A

A change in the volume of lung after maximum inspiration followed by maximum expiration

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17
Q

What will happen to the volumes and capacity of the lung in respiratory disease

A

They will be altered

  • > must link to change in tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity and functional residual capacity
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18
Q

What is synosis and what does it show

A

Blueish discolouration of the skin, the patient is having deoxygenation

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19
Q

What is clubbing

A

Angle between the under and around the nails

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20
Q

What is a pink flow meter

A

Used to check if the if the patient has bronchitic asthma

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21
Q

What is intact neurology

A

Respirator centres are located in the mid brain area called the brain stem

These areas are where the respirator centres are regulated

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22
Q

How does membrane permeability affect respiration

A

If there is a lack of permeability then it will impact circulation and further impact respiration

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23
Q

What effects of respiratory disease are there

A

Dyspnoea - Term used to describe Sharpness of breath, Difficulty in breathing

● RR - Increased respiratory rate.

● SOBOE - Sharpness of breath on exertion.
(Sharpness of breath or exertion). Exertion means doing activities.

● WOB - Increased workout breathing.

● Cough

● Sputum - Increased flem protection. Tracheo bronchial secretion.

● SaO2 - Saturation of Oxygen. Decrease in oxygen saturation.

● Synopsis - 3 types

● Wheeze - Whistling sound heard on expiration.

● Stridor - Upper area abstraction. It is a clinical symptom.

● Participation issues - Covid, diagnosed with COVID, a patient will have all these effects.

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24
Q

What secretion increases when there is a infection related to respiratory diseases

A

Tracheobronchial

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25
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Term used to always indicate that there is an Inflammation of the bronchitis

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26
Q

What is emphysema

A

Clinical condition - enlargement of the alveoli, the air does not completely escape, therefore lung capacity increases

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27
Q

If a patient has emphysema and chronic bronchitis what will the patient develop

A

Chest deformities and enlarged lungs

28
Q

What are the 3 types of asthma

A

Exercise induced

Occupational

Drug induced

29
Q

What is a spasm

A

The protective system that protects a particular part from getting injured further

30
Q

What does spacsticity relate to

A

Neurology

31
Q

What is Oedema

A

An increase in the size of the limb

32
Q

What is Bronchiectasis

A

Dilation of the airways

33
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

A respiratory disease which is mainly genetic

34
Q

What is a congenital disease

A

Something which we get by birth itself

35
Q

What is an acquired disease

A

Something which we get as we grow up

36
Q

What is Acute Tracheobronchial Obstruction

A

A respiratory disease which can be seen through x-rays

37
Q

What is a obstructive pulmonary disorder

A

When something is obstructing the INSIDE of the lung

38
Q

What is a restrictive pulmonary disorder

A

When something is Obstructing from outside the lung

39
Q

Wha can lead to restrictive pulmonary disease ?

A

Structural abnormalities eg - The covering of a lung is pleura.

40
Q

What is Pneumothorax

A

It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder

Air is collected between the pleura

41
Q

Pleural effusion

A

It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder

Fluid or blood is collected in between the pleura

42
Q

What is interstitial lung disease

A

Disorder affecting the lung from the outside (obstructive)

The pathology will be fibrosis and lung stiffness

43
Q

What is vascular disease

A

Pulmonary oedema

44
Q

What is pneumonia

A

Restrictive pulmonary disease which will not allow the lung to expand properly

45
Q

What is clinical diagnosis

A

See, observe and then execute information from the patient

46
Q

What are blood gases

A

After taking the blood, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be assessed

47
Q

What is respiratory function rest

A

The patient is asked to breath in and out using a piece of equipment which will then asses the lung volume and capacity

48
Q

What is Bronchoscopy +/- biopsy

A

Scoping a structure

It assesses which respiratory passages are obstructed and which lobes have bigger secretions

49
Q

What happens when a patient is struggling to breath

A

Oxygen therapy - oxygen is supplied

Humidification and Hydration - Important regarding nasal and mouth breathing.
Maintaining a proper temperature, preventing bacteria from entering the system.

50
Q

Why should we breath through the nose

A

the nasal passages also have mucus aligning, which prevent infections from viruses or bacteria.

If you breathe through the mouth, there is a bigger chance of exposure to bacteria.

The nasal passage is also very good for air conditioning. Outside air is dry, breathing it through the nose it gets conditioned and sent to the respiratory system.

51
Q

What is aspiration

A

When you drink water, rather than it going into the oesophagus it goes into the respiratory system

52
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Lung collapse

The lung needs to expand and shrink, but it collapses with mucus and blood

53
Q

Purulent meaning

A

Thick septum

54
Q

Consolidation meaning

A

Related to blockage of the respiratory tract

55
Q

Where does the trachea extend from

A

The 6th cervical vertebra to the 4th thoracic vertebra

56
Q

Alveoli communicate With adjacent alveoli using a channel called pores of kohn

A
57
Q

What are pores of kohn

A

Communication between 2 alveoli

58
Q

What is the canal of lambert

A

Channel between the bronchial tree and the alveoli

59
Q

By what nerve is the diaphragm inverted by

A

Phrenic

60
Q

What muscles prevent intercostal spaces from being drawn in or bulged out during respiratory activity

A

Internal intercostal muscles

61
Q

What is produced when sudden contractions of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles with closed glottis create pressure that blast air

A

Cough

62
Q

Which is not an obstructive disease of the lung

A

Pleural effusion

63
Q

How many pleura do we have

A

2 - visceral and parental

64
Q

Accumulation fluid between the pleura is called

A

Pleural effusion

65
Q

What is the treatment for pleural effusion and emphysema

A

Draining the fluid

Science For Physiotherapy (4 decks)

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