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Science For Physiotherapy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes are on the left lung

A

2

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2
Q

How many lobes on the right lung

A

3

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3
Q

What is a fissure

A

Divide the lungs in lobes

(UPPER MIDDLE AND LOWER)

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4
Q

What types of fissures are there and which lungs have them

A

Horizontal, oblique and transverse

The left side only has oblique

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5
Q

What is surface anatomy

A

Something we need to know to visualise what’s inside

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6
Q

What is the space between the 2 ribs called

A

Intercostal space

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7
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate

A

12-16 breaths per minute

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8
Q

What is the term called of a patient has a respiratory rate of more than 16

A

Tachypnea

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9
Q

What is the term called when a patient has a rate of less than 12 breaths per minute

A

Bradypnea

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10
Q

What are the two methods of calculating the respiratory rate of a patient

A

Observing the the movement of the chest or abdominal lobe

Palpation - student places hand on chest or abdominal lobe to find out breath rate

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11
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration

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12
Q

Residual volume

A

The amount of air which remains in the lungs after expiration

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13
Q

Expiratory residual volume

A

The amount of air that is expired after maximum expiration

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14
Q

Inspiratory residual volume

A

The amount of air that is inspired after maximum inspiration

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15
Q

Total lung capacity

A

The capacity of air the lung can hold (5l)

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16
Q

Vital capacity

A

A change in the volume of lung after maximum inspiration followed by maximum expiration

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17
Q

What will happen to the volumes and capacity of the lung in respiratory disease

A

They will be altered

  • > must link to change in tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity and functional residual capacity
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18
Q

What is synosis and what does it show

A

Blueish discolouration of the skin, the patient is having deoxygenation

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19
Q

What is clubbing

A

Angle between the under and around the nails

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20
Q

What is a pink flow meter

A

Used to check if the if the patient has bronchitic asthma

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21
Q

What is intact neurology

A

Respirator centres are located in the mid brain area called the brain stem

These areas are where the respirator centres are regulated

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22
Q

How does membrane permeability affect respiration

A

If there is a lack of permeability then it will impact circulation and further impact respiration

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23
Q

What effects of respiratory disease are there

A

Dyspnoea - Term used to describe Sharpness of breath, Difficulty in breathing

● RR - Increased respiratory rate.

● SOBOE - Sharpness of breath on exertion.
(Sharpness of breath or exertion). Exertion means doing activities.

● WOB - Increased workout breathing.

● Cough

● Sputum - Increased flem protection. Tracheo bronchial secretion.

● SaO2 - Saturation of Oxygen. Decrease in oxygen saturation.

● Synopsis - 3 types

● Wheeze - Whistling sound heard on expiration.

● Stridor - Upper area abstraction. It is a clinical symptom.

● Participation issues - Covid, diagnosed with COVID, a patient will have all these effects.

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24
Q

What secretion increases when there is a infection related to respiratory diseases

A

Tracheobronchial

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25
What is chronic bronchitis
Term used to always indicate that there is an Inflammation of the bronchitis
26
What is emphysema
Clinical condition - enlargement of the alveoli, the air does not completely escape, therefore lung capacity increases
27
If a patient has emphysema and chronic bronchitis what will the patient develop
Chest deformities and enlarged lungs
28
What are the 3 types of asthma
Exercise induced Occupational Drug induced
29
What is a spasm
The protective system that protects a particular part from getting injured further
30
What does spacsticity relate to
Neurology
31
What is Oedema
An increase in the size of the limb
32
What is Bronchiectasis
Dilation of the airways
33
What is cystic fibrosis
A respiratory disease which is mainly genetic
34
What is a congenital disease
Something which we get by birth itself
35
What is an acquired disease
Something which we get as we grow up
36
What is Acute Tracheobronchial Obstruction
A respiratory disease which can be seen through x-rays
37
What is a obstructive pulmonary disorder
When something is obstructing the INSIDE of the lung
38
What is a restrictive pulmonary disorder
When something is Obstructing from outside the lung
39
Wha can lead to restrictive pulmonary disease ?
Structural abnormalities eg - The covering of a lung is pleura.
40
What is Pneumothorax
It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder Air is collected between the pleura
41
Pleural effusion
It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder Fluid or blood is collected in between the pleura
42
What is interstitial lung disease
Disorder affecting the lung from the outside (obstructive) The pathology will be fibrosis and lung stiffness
43
What is vascular disease
Pulmonary oedema
44
What is pneumonia
Restrictive pulmonary disease which will not allow the lung to expand properly
45
What is clinical diagnosis
See, observe and then execute information from the patient
46
What are blood gases
After taking the blood, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be assessed
47
What is respiratory function rest
The patient is asked to breath in and out using a piece of equipment which will then asses the lung volume and capacity
48
What is Bronchoscopy +/- biopsy
Scoping a structure It assesses which respiratory passages are obstructed and which lobes have bigger secretions
49
What happens when a patient is struggling to breath
Oxygen therapy - oxygen is supplied Humidification and Hydration - Important regarding nasal and mouth breathing. Maintaining a proper temperature, preventing bacteria from entering the system.
50
Why should we breath through the nose
the nasal passages also have mucus aligning, which prevent infections from viruses or bacteria. If you breathe through the mouth, there is a bigger chance of exposure to bacteria. The nasal passage is also very good for air conditioning. Outside air is dry, breathing it through the nose it gets conditioned and sent to the respiratory system.
51
What is aspiration
When you drink water, rather than it going into the oesophagus it goes into the respiratory system
52
What is atelectasis
Lung collapse The lung needs to expand and shrink, but it collapses with mucus and blood
53
Purulent meaning
Thick septum
54
Consolidation meaning
Related to blockage of the respiratory tract
55
Where does the trachea extend from
The 6th cervical vertebra to the 4th thoracic vertebra
56
Alveoli communicate With adjacent alveoli using a channel called pores of kohn
57
What are pores of kohn
Communication between 2 alveoli
58
What is the canal of lambert
Channel between the bronchial tree and the alveoli
59
By what nerve is the diaphragm inverted by
Phrenic
60
What muscles prevent intercostal spaces from being drawn in or bulged out during respiratory activity
Internal intercostal muscles
61
What is produced when sudden contractions of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles with closed glottis create pressure that blast air
Cough
62
Which is not an obstructive disease of the lung
Pleural effusion
63
How many pleura do we have
2 - visceral and parental
64
Accumulation fluid between the pleura is called
Pleural effusion
65
What is the treatment for pleural effusion and emphysema
Draining the fluid

Science For Physiotherapy (4 decks)

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