Respiratory Flashcards
How many lobes are on the left lung
2
How many lobes on the right lung
3
What is a fissure
Divide the lungs in lobes
(UPPER MIDDLE AND LOWER)
What types of fissures are there and which lungs have them
Horizontal, oblique and transverse
The left side only has oblique
What is surface anatomy
Something we need to know to visualise what’s inside
What is the space between the 2 ribs called
Intercostal space
What is the normal respiratory rate
12-16 breaths per minute
What is the term called of a patient has a respiratory rate of more than 16
Tachypnea
What is the term called when a patient has a rate of less than 12 breaths per minute
Bradypnea
What are the two methods of calculating the respiratory rate of a patient
Observing the the movement of the chest or abdominal lobe
Palpation - student places hand on chest or abdominal lobe to find out breath rate
Tidal volume
The amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration
Residual volume
The amount of air which remains in the lungs after expiration
Expiratory residual volume
The amount of air that is expired after maximum expiration
Inspiratory residual volume
The amount of air that is inspired after maximum inspiration
Total lung capacity
The capacity of air the lung can hold (5l)
Vital capacity
A change in the volume of lung after maximum inspiration followed by maximum expiration
What will happen to the volumes and capacity of the lung in respiratory disease
They will be altered
- > must link to change in tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity and functional residual capacity
What is synosis and what does it show
Blueish discolouration of the skin, the patient is having deoxygenation
What is clubbing
Angle between the under and around the nails
What is a pink flow meter
Used to check if the if the patient has bronchitic asthma
What is intact neurology
Respirator centres are located in the mid brain area called the brain stem
These areas are where the respirator centres are regulated
How does membrane permeability affect respiration
If there is a lack of permeability then it will impact circulation and further impact respiration
What effects of respiratory disease are there
Dyspnoea - Term used to describe Sharpness of breath, Difficulty in breathing
● RR - Increased respiratory rate.
● SOBOE - Sharpness of breath on exertion.
(Sharpness of breath or exertion). Exertion means doing activities.
● WOB - Increased workout breathing.
● Cough
● Sputum - Increased flem protection. Tracheo bronchial secretion.
● SaO2 - Saturation of Oxygen. Decrease in oxygen saturation.
● Synopsis - 3 types
● Wheeze - Whistling sound heard on expiration.
● Stridor - Upper area abstraction. It is a clinical symptom.
● Participation issues - Covid, diagnosed with COVID, a patient will have all these effects.
What secretion increases when there is a infection related to respiratory diseases
Tracheobronchial
What is chronic bronchitis
Term used to always indicate that there is an Inflammation of the bronchitis
What is emphysema
Clinical condition - enlargement of the alveoli, the air does not completely escape, therefore lung capacity increases
If a patient has emphysema and chronic bronchitis what will the patient develop
Chest deformities and enlarged lungs
What are the 3 types of asthma
Exercise induced
Occupational
Drug induced
What is a spasm
The protective system that protects a particular part from getting injured further
What does spacsticity relate to
Neurology
What is Oedema
An increase in the size of the limb
What is Bronchiectasis
Dilation of the airways
What is cystic fibrosis
A respiratory disease which is mainly genetic
What is a congenital disease
Something which we get by birth itself
What is an acquired disease
Something which we get as we grow up
What is Acute Tracheobronchial Obstruction
A respiratory disease which can be seen through x-rays
What is a obstructive pulmonary disorder
When something is obstructing the INSIDE of the lung
What is a restrictive pulmonary disorder
When something is Obstructing from outside the lung
Wha can lead to restrictive pulmonary disease ?
Structural abnormalities eg - The covering of a lung is pleura.
What is Pneumothorax
It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder
Air is collected between the pleura
Pleural effusion
It is a restrictive pulmonary disorder
Fluid or blood is collected in between the pleura
What is interstitial lung disease
Disorder affecting the lung from the outside (obstructive)
The pathology will be fibrosis and lung stiffness
What is vascular disease
Pulmonary oedema
What is pneumonia
Restrictive pulmonary disease which will not allow the lung to expand properly
What is clinical diagnosis
See, observe and then execute information from the patient
What are blood gases
After taking the blood, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be assessed
What is respiratory function rest
The patient is asked to breath in and out using a piece of equipment which will then asses the lung volume and capacity
What is Bronchoscopy +/- biopsy
Scoping a structure
It assesses which respiratory passages are obstructed and which lobes have bigger secretions
What happens when a patient is struggling to breath
Oxygen therapy - oxygen is supplied
Humidification and Hydration - Important regarding nasal and mouth breathing.
Maintaining a proper temperature, preventing bacteria from entering the system.
Why should we breath through the nose
the nasal passages also have mucus aligning, which prevent infections from viruses or bacteria.
If you breathe through the mouth, there is a bigger chance of exposure to bacteria.
The nasal passage is also very good for air conditioning. Outside air is dry, breathing it through the nose it gets conditioned and sent to the respiratory system.
What is aspiration
When you drink water, rather than it going into the oesophagus it goes into the respiratory system
What is atelectasis
Lung collapse
The lung needs to expand and shrink, but it collapses with mucus and blood
Purulent meaning
Thick septum
Consolidation meaning
Related to blockage of the respiratory tract
Where does the trachea extend from
The 6th cervical vertebra to the 4th thoracic vertebra
Alveoli communicate With adjacent alveoli using a channel called pores of kohn
What are pores of kohn
Communication between 2 alveoli
What is the canal of lambert
Channel between the bronchial tree and the alveoli
By what nerve is the diaphragm inverted by
Phrenic
What muscles prevent intercostal spaces from being drawn in or bulged out during respiratory activity
Internal intercostal muscles
What is produced when sudden contractions of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles with closed glottis create pressure that blast air
Cough
Which is not an obstructive disease of the lung
Pleural effusion
How many pleura do we have
2 - visceral and parental
Accumulation fluid between the pleura is called
Pleural effusion
What is the treatment for pleural effusion and emphysema
Draining the fluid
