Respiratory Flashcards
Cystic fibrosis - mode of inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
Definition of reversibility with brochodilators?
> 12% and/or 200ml improvement
Obstructive pattern - effect on:
FEV1
FVC
FEV1/FVC (FER)
FEV1 - reduced
FVC - normal/slightly reduced
FEV1/FVC (FER) - reduced (<0.7)
E.g. asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis
Restrictive pattern - effect on:
FEV1
FVC
FEV1/FVC (FER)
FEV1 - reduced
FVC - reduced
FEV1/FVC - normal (>0.7)
E.g.
Pulmonary causes - fibrosis, pulmonary oedema, lobectomy/pneumonectomy
Non-pulmonary causes - skeletal abnormalities, neuromuscular disorders, connective tissue diseases, obesity, pregnancy
Intrathoracic obstruction - greater effect on inspiration or expiration?
Expiration
Extrathoracic obstruction - greater effect on inspiration or expiration?
Inspiration
E.g. vocal cord paralysis, goitre
DLCO low
DLCO/VA low
Problem?
Lung tissue/vasculature
E.g. diffusion impairment
DLCO low
DLCO/VA normal
Problem?
Normal diffusion but lung volume reduced
E.g. pneumonectomy, extrathoracic obstruction, obesity
NB with extrathoracic obstruction, corrected DLCO will be >100%
Cause of increased DLCO
Pulmonary haemorrhage
What does this flow volume loop demonstrate?
Restrictive pattern
- Decreased FEV1 and FVC
What does this flow volume loop demonstrate?
Obstructive pattern
- Decreased FEV1 but normal FVC
What does this flow volume loop demonstrate?
Fixed upper airway obstruction
What is group 3 pulmonary hypertension?
Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
- VQ preferred to CTPA
Benefits of CPAP in OSA?
○ Reduced respiratory events during sleep
○ Decrease in daytime sleepiness
○ Small improvement in BP
○ Decreased erectile dysfunction
○ Reduced risk of MVA
○ Improved QoL
Drugs that can cause ILD?
Ethambutol
Nitrofurantoin (acute + chronic)
Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
Leflunomide
MTX
Amiodarone
Bleomycin
