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Adv health assessment > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose and pharynx or throat

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2
Q

What is the structure of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Larynx/trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

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3
Q

What is breathing controlled by?

A

The nervous system

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4
Q

Normal breaths per minute

A

12-20

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5
Q

If brain is damaged, what takes over breathing?

A

cerebral cortex

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6
Q

What can cause a cough?

A

irritant, infectious agent, tumor/mass, anxiety

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7
Q

Diagnosis if paroxysmal cough is heard?

A

Tuberculosis

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8
Q

What does cough in the evening suggest?

A

stress

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9
Q

What can a moist cough suggest?

A

infection

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10
Q

what does a dry cough suggest?

A

cardiac problems, use of ace-inhibitors, HIV infection

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11
Q

What type of cough does pertussis produce?

A

inspiratory woop at the end of cough

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12
Q

What does high pitched cough indicate?

A

constriction of airways

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13
Q

What does low pitch cough indicate

A

presence of secretion or inflammatory condition

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14
Q

what does green sputum indicate?

A

acute bronchitis

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15
Q

cough in a reclined position can indicate what?

A

nasal drip or pooling of secretion in upper airway

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16
Q

What is intermittent production of sputum associated with?

A

chronic infectious disease

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17
Q

what sputum color does bacterial infection produce?

A

yellow, green, rust, clear, or transparent

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18
Q

what color sputum does viral infection produce?

A

mucoid or viscid sputum

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19
Q

what color sputum does pulmonary carcinoma produce?

A

blood-streaked sputum

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20
Q

what are the possibilities of blood in the sputum?

A

pulmonary infarc, tuberculosis, nosebleeds

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21
Q

What can respiratory rate less than 12 indicate

A

neurological or electrolyte disturbance, infection.

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22
Q

Breathing pattern that is always deep and most often rapid

A

kussmal

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23
Q

what causes kussmal respiration?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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24
Q

what is regular respirations with period of apnea followed by crescendo-decresendo sequence

A

Cheyne-Sokes

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25
Q

What does Cheyn-Stokes Respiration Indicate

A

Brain Damage, drug-induced respiratory failure.

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26
Q

When do children and older adults experience cheyne-stokes respiration

A

during sleep

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27
Q

What does sigh indicate

A

emotional distress, hypoventilation

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28
Q

What is irregular respirations varying in dept and interupted by periods of apnea?

A

Biot

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29
Q

What does biot respiration indicate

A

increased intracranial pressure, drug poisoning, brain damage

30
Q

Steps to respiratory assessment

A

inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate

31
Q

What do clubbing fingers indicate

A

patients with chronic fibrotic changes in the lungs

32
Q

What is crepitus

A

“rice crispy” feeling that can be auscultated and palpated due to air leak

33
Q

what is fremitus? how is it tested?

A

palpable vibration of the chest wall from speech or verbalization. having the patient say “99”

34
Q

what does decrease fremitus indicate?

A

bronchial obstruction, pneumothorax, emphysema, consolidation, infection, or edema

35
Q

what does increase fremitus indicate?

A

pulmonary fluid, mass/tumor in the lung, copious nonobstructive bronchial secretion

36
Q

what does trachial deviation indicate?

A

atelactasis, thyroid hypertrophy, pulmonary consolidation, pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, a tumor, or nodal enlargement.

37
Q

what does hyperresonane percuss indicate?

A

emphysema, pneumothorax, infection, or asthma

38
Q

what does dullness or flat percussion sounds indicate?

A

pneumothorax, infection, or asthma

39
Q

What is vesicular breath sounds?

A

sounds heard over healthy lungs (low in pitch and intensity)

40
Q

What is bronchovesicular breath sounds?

A

heard over major bronchi; abnormal over the peripheral lung base (moderate in pitch and intensity)

41
Q

What is amphoric lung sound?

A

heard with: asthma, lung abscess, pneumothorax (hollowed low pitch)

42
Q

What is cavernous breath sound?

A

heard over a fibrotic lesion/cavity (an empty tympanic sound)

43
Q

What do crackles indicate?

A

caused by air flowing by fluid.

44
Q

What does rhonchi indicate?

A

air passing over a solid thick secretion. tend to disappear after coughing

45
Q

What does wheezing indicate?

A

air flow through constricted passageways

46
Q

what does friction rub indicate

A

inflammation of the pleural or pericardal tissues (pericarditis or pleurisy)

47
Q

S/S of bronchitis

A

normal or diffused crackles / rhonchi, injected pharynx, mild dyspnea

48
Q

diagnostic test for bronchitis

A

chest x-ray, sputum cutltures, pft

49
Q

S/S of pneumonia

A

confusion, crackles, diminished breath sounds, rhonchi, dullsnes of percussion

50
Q

diagnostic for pneumonia

A

chest x-ray, sputum cultures, CBC, bronchoscopy

51
Q

s/s of COPD

A

chronic cough, diminished lung sounds, possible barrel chest

52
Q

Diagnostic for CPOD

A

CPOD Assessment Test, chest x-ray, alpha-1 antitrypson deficiency

53
Q

S/S of asthma

A

chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, wheezing

54
Q

Diagnostic for asthma

A

chest x-ray, spirometry.

55
Q

S/S for pneumothorax

A

sudden shortnesss of breath with chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased fremitis, hyper-resonance, absent lung sounds, trachea shift away from effect side.

56
Q

How to describe tension headaches?

A

mild or moderate in severity. causing “tightness” with gradual onset

57
Q

how are migraines described?

A

unilateral, severe, throbbing pain that may become bilateral

58
Q

how are cluster headaches described?

A

increasingly sharp, unilateral pain, often located in ocular area

59
Q

what can MS present with?

A

fatigue, weakness, vision disturbance, sensory disturbance, dysphagia,

60
Q

what can bradykinesia + loss of spontaneous movement and resting tremors suggest?

A

Parkinson’s disease

61
Q

What abnormal results can mini mental status result?

A

known or suspected brain lesion, memory deficits, confusion, vague behavioral complaints, aphasia, and irritability

62
Q

what can cause loss of smell?

A

compression of olfactory tract or bulb by intracranial neoplasm, sinusitis, or trauma

63
Q

What is strabismus?

A

unequal alignment of the eyes

64
Q

how do you test for cerebellar function?

A

test balance and gait

65
Q

what is the romberg’s test?

A

observe for patient swaying when patient stands with feet together. first with eyes open and then close.

66
Q

how to test for dystaxia?

A

finger to nose test

67
Q

how to test rapid alternating movements (RAM)

A

slapping palm and back of hand to thigh

68
Q

how to test stereognosis?

A

place an item in patient’s hand and ask them to identify object

69
Q

how to test graphesthesia?

A

trace number or letter on patient’s skin and ask them to identify

70
Q

how to test two-point discrimination?

A

use a paper clip to touch two points and bring the ends closer together until the patient is no long able to distinguish between the two points

71
Q

how to assess extinctions

A

simultaneously touch the patient on both sides at the same location of the body. ask the patient if one or two points are felt and then remove the stimulus from one side.

Adv health assessment (5 decks)

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