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Adv health assessment > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is systole?

A

contraction of the ventricles as blood is ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and from the left ventricle into the aorta

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2
Q

what diastole

A

passive filling of ventricles followed by contraction of the atria

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3
Q

What does S1 sound represent?

A

the closure of the AV valves.

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4
Q

what is the S2 sound?

A

the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

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5
Q

What is the S3 sound?

A

diastolic motion and rapid filling of the ventricles in early diastole

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6
Q

What is the S4 sound?

A

atrial contraction in late diastole to enure the ejection of remaining blood.

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7
Q

Where does the electrical impulse originate

A

In the SA note

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8
Q

What is anginal chest pain

A

substernal. precipitated by exertion. relieved by rest and medication

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9
Q

What is stable chest pain

A

occurs in repetitive pattern. precipitated by exertional demands. greater than 30 seconds to a few minutes.

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10
Q

what is unstable chest pain

A

occurs in escalating pattern. last less than 20 minutes. takes long to resolve and needs IV medication

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11
Q

what is pleural chest pain

A

occurs with respiration and coughing

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12
Q

what can syncope with chest pain indicate?

A

myocardial ischemia or gastrointestinal disorder

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13
Q

what chronic disease can increase risk of cardiovascular disorder?

A

hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia

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14
Q

which childhood illness can lead to valvular damage

A

rheumatic fever

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15
Q

What are the grades of pulses?

A

4+ Bounding
3+ Full, increased
2+ Expected
0+ absent

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16
Q

What are the scales of pitting edema?

A

4+ severe
3+ Moderate
2+ Mild
1+ Trace

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17
Q

What test is preformed to check status for possible abg test?

A

Allen’s test with the hands.

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18
Q

Where to auscultate first?

A

2nd intercostal space on R side of sternum (aortic)

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19
Q

Where do you auscultate the pulmonic

A

2nd intercostal space on the L side

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20
Q

What can hear high pitch heart sounds?

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

What can hear low pitch heart sounds?

A

Bell of stethoscope

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22
Q

Where do you auscultate erb’s point?

A

3rd intercostal space on L side

23
Q

Where do you auscultate triscupid?

A

4th intercostal space on L side

24
Q

Where do you auscultate mitral?

A

5th intercostal space on L side

25
Q

What are the three layers of cardiac muscles

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

26
Q

what are the AV valves?

A

Tricuspid and Mitral

27
Q

What is the purpose of the AV valves?

A

to prevent blood flow in the atria during ventricular contraction

28
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

pulmonic and arotic valves

29
Q

What do the semilunar valves do/.

A

close to prevent backflow of blood.

30
Q

mitral regurgitation (murmurs best heard?)

A

apex to the left sternal border.

31
Q

tricuspid regurgitation (murmurs) best heard?

A

best heard at the level between third and fifth intercostal space

32
Q

ventricular septal defect (murmur) best heard?

A

best heard at the left sternal border between third to fifth intercostal space

33
Q

aortic stenosis (murmur) best heard?

A

2nd intercostal space

34
Q

pulmonic stenosis (murmur) best heard?

A

2nd intercostal space left side

35
Q

Myocardial Infarction significant history

A

sudden angina, pain that radiate to arm, shoulder, or neck

36
Q

myocardial infarction diagnostic

A

12 lead, CK-MB, troponin

37
Q

Aortic Dissection significant history

A

sudden tearing chest pain, HX of hypertension

38
Q

Aortic Dissection diagnostic

A

echo, CT scan

39
Q

Pericarditis significant history

A

pain worsen with cough

40
Q

Arterial Insufficiency Pulse

A

Decreased/absent

41
Q

Venous Insufficiency Pulse

A

Normal

42
Q

Arterial Insufficiency Edema

A

Absent or Mild

43
Q

Venous Insufficiency Edema

A

Significant

44
Q

Arterial Insufficieny pain

A

Severe

45
Q

Venous Insufficiency pain

A

absent/mild

46
Q

arterial insufficiency temperature

A

cool

47
Q

venous insufficiency temperature

A

normal

48
Q

arterial insufficiency color

A

pallor with elevation; dusky red on dependency

49
Q

venous insufficiency color

A

hyperpigmentated; cyanotic on dependency

50
Q

arterial insufficiency skin

A

think, atrophic, risk of gangrene

51
Q

venous insufficiency skin

A

thick; risk of stasis ulcer

52
Q

S/S of DVT

A

swelling, tenderness, inflammation

53
Q

Diagnostic study for DVT

A

calf measurement, doppler,

Adv health assessment (5 decks)

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