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fundamentals exam 3 > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what is diffusion

A

O2 and CO2 movement between alveoli and blood

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2
Q

what is perfusion

A

circulation of blood through an area of the body

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3
Q

what Is the chemical make up of blood

A

pH, CO2, O2

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4
Q

what controls ventilation

A

autonomic

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5
Q

what is an example of voluntary ventilation

A

breathing exercises

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6
Q

holding your breath is an example of

A

voluntary and involuntary; holds breath is involuntary, begin breathing again is voluntary

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7
Q

factors affecting ventilation

A

age, gender, metabolic, stress, medication, environment

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8
Q

respiratory structures

A

upper airway, lower airway, thoracic cavity

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9
Q

the upper airway is composed of

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, traches

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10
Q

the lower airway is composed of

A

right lung and left lung; right has 3 lobes, left has 2 (heart of left)

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11
Q

thoracic cavity composed of

A

rib cage, muscles, diaphragm

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12
Q

questions to ask about respiratory assessment

A

allergies, family history (lung cancer, tuberculosis, COPD, asthma, emphysema), persistent cough, sputum, fatigue, chest pain, OSB, activity intolerance, smoking

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13
Q

what to inspect on respiratory assessment

A

shape/symmetry of chest (barrel chest), breathing rate, depth of respirations, effort of breathing, oxygen supply(room air)

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14
Q

what do you palpate on respiratory assessment

A

chest excursion, vocal/tactile fremitus, lumps, massess, tenderness

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15
Q

how to assess chest excursion

A

posterior, hands spread thumbs touching, have take deep breath and thumbs should separate

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16
Q

how to assess tactile fremitus

A

posterior, hands on right and left lobes, have pt say 99, feel. for vibrations on upper, middle and lower lobes

17
Q

what do you auscultate for respiratory assessment

A

assess air movement thru tracheobronical tree, breath sounds

18
Q

what are the four general types of breath sounds

A

bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular, adventitious

19
Q

how do you listen to breath sounds, where

A

compare lungs from side to side; anterior 5, posterior 9

20
Q

what are adventitious sounds

A

crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, plural friction rub, stridor

21
Q

abnormal lung sound causes

A

fluid, mucus, narrowed or obstructed airways, alveolar collapse, inflammation of pleural lining

22
Q

what are the different crackle sounds and the cause

A

fine and course due to fluid in lungs, commonly in lower lobes

23
Q

what do fine crackles sound like

A

high pitched, heard at end of inspiration

24
Q

what do coarse crackles sound like

A

louder, bubbly sounds during inspiration

25
Q

what are rhonchi sounds and the cause

A

low, low pitched, rumbling sounds; secondary to mucus/fluid in larger airways; may be cleared with coughing

26
Q

what are wheezing sounds and the cause

A

high pitched, continuous musical sounds, squeaking; caused by high velocity airflow thru narrowed airways

27
Q

what are stridor sounds and cause

A

harsh honking wheeze with severe bronchospasm, air passing thru very constricted airway; secondary to croup o r a swallowed object caught in airway

28
Q

what are pleural friction rub sounds and cause

A

dry, grating sound, heard on inspiration, heard over lateral anterior lung; secondary to inflamed pleura(parietal rubbing visceral)

29
Q

examples of abnormal respiration conditions

A

pneumothorax, atelectasis, subcutaneous emphysema

30
Q

what is pneumothorax

A

air or gas in pleural cavity, result of puncture thru chest wall; causes collapse of lung requiring reinflation via chest tube

31
Q

what is atelectasis

A

collapse or incomplete ling expansion; result of mucus, hypoventilation of alveoli or compression by tumors/ enlarged lymph nodes

32
Q

what is subcutaneous emphysema

A

leak of air from lung tissue into subcutaneous tissue

33
Q

what patients are at risk for subcutaneous emphysema

A

post-op thoracic surgeries and blunt trauma patients

34
Q

examples of abnormal breathing patterns

A

kussmaul’s respirations, cheyne-stokes respirations, biots respiration

35
Q

what are kussmuals respirations

A

type of hyperventilation; exaggerated deep, regular, rapid breathing; normal with exercise; may be present with aspirin overdose (pain, fever, cardiac disease)

36
Q

what are cheyne-stokes respirations

A

alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed with periods of apnea; associated with end of life

37
Q

what are biots respirations

A

irregular pattern of shallow respirations followed by periods of apnea; associated with intracranial pressure and respiratory compromise

fundamentals exam 3 (5 decks)

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