respiratory

Question 1

what is diffusion

Answer 1

O2 and CO2 movement between alveoli and blood

Question 2

what is perfusion

Answer 2

circulation of blood through an area of the body

Question 3

what Is the chemical make up of blood

Answer 3

pH, CO2, O2

Question 4

what controls ventilation

Answer 4

autonomic

Question 5

what is an example of voluntary ventilation

Answer 5

breathing exercises

Question 6

holding your breath is an example of

Answer 6

voluntary and involuntary; holds breath is involuntary, begin breathing again is voluntary

Question 7

factors affecting ventilation

Answer 7

age, gender, metabolic, stress, medication, environment

Question 8

respiratory structures

Answer 8

upper airway, lower airway, thoracic cavity

Question 9

the upper airway is composed of

Answer 9

nose, pharynx, larynx, traches

Question 10

the lower airway is composed of

Answer 10

right lung and left lung; right has 3 lobes, left has 2 (heart of left)

Question 11

thoracic cavity composed of

Answer 11

rib cage, muscles, diaphragm

Question 12

questions to ask about respiratory assessment

Answer 12

allergies, family history (lung cancer, tuberculosis, COPD, asthma, emphysema), persistent cough, sputum, fatigue, chest pain, OSB, activity intolerance, smoking

Question 13

what to inspect on respiratory assessment

Answer 13

shape/symmetry of chest (barrel chest), breathing rate, depth of respirations, effort of breathing, oxygen supply(room air)

Question 14

what do you palpate on respiratory assessment

Answer 14

chest excursion, vocal/tactile fremitus, lumps, massess, tenderness

Question 15

how to assess chest excursion

Answer 15

posterior, hands spread thumbs touching, have take deep breath and thumbs should separate

Question 16

how to assess tactile fremitus

Answer 16

posterior, hands on right and left lobes, have pt say 99, feel. for vibrations on upper, middle and lower lobes

Question 17

what do you auscultate for respiratory assessment

Answer 17

assess air movement thru tracheobronical tree, breath sounds

Question 18

what are the four general types of breath sounds

Answer 18

bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular, adventitious

Question 19

how do you listen to breath sounds, where

Answer 19

compare lungs from side to side; anterior 5, posterior 9

Question 20

what are adventitious sounds

Answer 20

crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, plural friction rub, stridor

Question 21

abnormal lung sound causes

Answer 21

fluid, mucus, narrowed or obstructed airways, alveolar collapse, inflammation of pleural lining

Question 22

what are the different crackle sounds and the cause

Answer 22

fine and course due to fluid in lungs, commonly in lower lobes

Question 23

what do fine crackles sound like

Answer 23

high pitched, heard at end of inspiration

Question 24

what do coarse crackles sound like

Answer 24

louder, bubbly sounds during inspiration

Question 25

what are rhonchi sounds and the cause

Answer 25

low, low pitched, rumbling sounds; secondary to mucus/fluid in larger airways; may be cleared with coughing

Question 26

what are wheezing sounds and the cause

Answer 26

high pitched, continuous musical sounds, squeaking; caused by high velocity airflow thru narrowed airways

Question 27

what are stridor sounds and cause

Answer 27

harsh honking wheeze with severe bronchospasm, air passing thru very constricted airway; secondary to croup o r a swallowed object caught in airway

Question 28

what are pleural friction rub sounds and cause

Answer 28

dry, grating sound, heard on inspiration, heard over lateral anterior lung; secondary to inflamed pleura(parietal rubbing visceral)

Question 29

examples of abnormal respiration conditions

Answer 29

pneumothorax, atelectasis, subcutaneous emphysema

Question 30

what is pneumothorax

Answer 30

air or gas in pleural cavity, result of puncture thru chest wall; causes collapse of lung requiring reinflation via chest tube

Question 31

what is atelectasis

Answer 31

collapse or incomplete ling expansion; result of mucus, hypoventilation of alveoli or compression by tumors/ enlarged lymph nodes

Question 32

what is subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 32

leak of air from lung tissue into subcutaneous tissue

Question 33

what patients are at risk for subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 33

post-op thoracic surgeries and blunt trauma patients

Question 34

examples of abnormal breathing patterns

Answer 34

kussmaul’s respirations, cheyne-stokes respirations, biots respiration

Question 35

what are kussmuals respirations

Answer 35

type of hyperventilation; exaggerated deep, regular, rapid breathing; normal with exercise; may be present with aspirin overdose (pain, fever, cardiac disease)

Question 36

what are cheyne-stokes respirations

Answer 36

alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed with periods of apnea; associated with end of life

Question 37

what are biots respirations

Answer 37

irregular pattern of shallow respirations followed by periods of apnea; associated with intracranial pressure and respiratory compromise