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fundamentals exam 3 > oxygenation > Flashcards

oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

oxygen is required for creating ?

A

energy

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2
Q

carbon dioxide is a byproduct of

A

energy production

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3
Q

CO2 and O2 are exchanged between

A

the environment and cells through ventilation, respiration, and perfusion

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4
Q

what is ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs

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5
Q

what is respiration

A

gas exchange between atmospheric air in the alveoli and the capillaries

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6
Q

what is perfusion

A

oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues for use

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7
Q

ventilation is also known as

A

breathing

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8
Q

what are the two phases of ventilation

A

inspiration and expiration

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9
Q

what is inspiration in ventilation

A

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the thorax and decreasing intrathoracic pressure, allowing air to rush in (breath in)

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10
Q

what is expiration in ventilation

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thorax to get smaller and increases pressure, forcing air out of lungs (breath out)

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11
Q

what is ventilation regulated by

A

by the CNS(medulla and brainstem), chemoreceptors, and proprioceptors

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12
Q

what is meant by drive to breath in ventilation

A

is the recognition of increasing CO2 and hydrogen ions in blood

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13
Q

what do proprioceptors do

A

send signals to increase ventilation with increased physical activity

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14
Q

ventilation is influenced by

A

airway resistance, muscle tone, and lung compliance

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15
Q

what is perfusion

A

the delivery of oxygen to cells of the body and returning CO2 to the lungs

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16
Q

perfusion is impacted by

A

body position, activity level, adequacy of blood supply, and proper cardiovascular function (pumping)

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17
Q

forms of altered respiratory function

A

hyperventilation, hypoventilation, hypoxia

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18
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

ventilation in excess of what is required to remove CO2 (fast breathing)

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19
Q

possible causes of hyperventilation

A

anxiety, fever, infection, diabetic, ketoacidiosis, aspirin overdose, hypoxia

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20
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

ventilation is inadequate to meet the body oxygen demand or is inadequate to remove sufficient CO2

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21
Q

possible causes of hypoventilation

A

COPD, obesity, atelectasis

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22
Q

what is hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen available for the cells

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23
Q

possible causes of hypoxia

A

decreased hemoglobin, poor tissue perfusion

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24
Q

signs of acute hypoxia (emergency)

A

restlessness, confusion, increased pulse, tachypnea, dyspnea, increased blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias

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25
signs of chronic hypoxia
pallor, fatigue, headache, chest pain, clubbing of nails, constipation, anorexia, decreased urine
26
ABC
airway, breathing, circulation
27
function of the cardiovascular system
pumps blood throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste (circulating)
28
what is the plumping function in cardiovascular
pump -> heart pipes -> vessels
29
what is the electrical function in cardiovascular
pacemaker -> SA node electrical signal needs to move in orderly fashion for cardiac tissue tp adequately function
30
what is arrhythmia/ dysrhythmia
irregular heart beats
31
what is ischemia
impaired oxygen delivery
32
examples of ischemia
myocardial ischemia (causes chest pain) can lead to myocardial infarction, angina, cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
33
cardiac valve stenosis causes
inefficient pumping
34
heart failure is caused by
inefficient pumping of blood supply
35
what is hypovolemia
inadequate blood supply
36
first thing you do when conducting a physical on a patient
assess to ensure patient is not in acute respiratory distress
37
nursing diagnosis for oxygenation problems
ineffective airway clearance, impaired gas exchange, ineffective breathing pattern
38
health promotions in oxygenation
healthy lifestyle(diet, exercise, no alcohol/smoking), disease management, vaccinations, environmental pollutants
39
interventions for dyspnea management
anxiety management, energy conservation techniques, pursed lip breathing, belly breathing
40
what is pursed lip breathing
in through your nose out through your mouth, reduces anxiety/ panic by slowing expiration, gives sense of control
41
what is belly breathing/ diaphragmatic breathing
used to create more functional respiratory pattern, esp. COPD, decreases RR, increase gas exchange in more alveoli; in thru nose hand on abdomen protruding as much as possible, out thru pursed lips pressing upward and inward with hand repeat 1 min
42
interventions for airway maintenance
mobilization of secretions (oral hydration, coughing, suctioning), CPR, chest physiotherapy
43
management of artificial airways includes
endotracheal tube (intubation), tracheostomy
44
cough medications
expectorants, suppressants, lozenges
45
interventions for promoting lung expansion
positioning, pain control, IS, management of chest tubes
46
what are some examples of breathing exercises
deep breathing, incentive spirometry
47
what is incentive spirometry
place mouth on mouth piece and inhale full breath, hold for 3 seconds, exhale 10x per hour while awake
48
what is chest physiotherapy
use of percussion, vibration and postural drainage that helps to mobilize secretions for large amounts of secretions or ineffective coughs
49
risks for suctioning
hypoxia, tissue trauma/ bleeding, anxiety, death (from hypoxia or cardiac arrest)
50
tracheal suctioning is what type of technique
sterile
51
position for promotion of lung expansion
upright/ folwers, semi-fowler, prone, tripod
52
room air is what % oxygen
21
53
oxygen is administered with an order, in emergency situations what do you do first
treat the patient, then get the order
54
administer oxygen when patients show
hypoxia/ decreasing SpO2, tachypnea, chest pain, while recovering from anesthesia
55
oxygen aidminstaion equipment
flow meter, humidifier, portable compressed oxygen tank, compressor
56
what is a flow meter
attaches to the O2 outlet to adjust amount of P2 being delivered; check each time enter room
57
when is the humidifier used with oxygen
prevents drying, cracking, bleeding of nasal mucosa (from nasal cannula), sterile water provides moisture
58
methods of oxygen administration
high flow oxygen system and low flow oxygen system
59
what is high flow oxygen system
provides total amount if inspired air, O2 delivery does not vary with breathing patten
60
what is low flow oxygen system
provides only part of total air inspired air, more comfortable, O2 delivery varies with breathing pattern
61
what is a nasal cannula
more common delivery of O2, can eat, drink, talk, perform ADLs, 1-6 L/min, 22-44% flow O2
62
what is a Venturi mask
high flow system, 4-6 L/min, 24-40 flow O2
63
what is a simple face mask
covers mouth and nose, interferes with eating, talking, drinking, may lead to claustrophobic reaction, 5-8L/min, 40-60% flow O2
64
which oxygen delivery is not suitable with COPD patients
simple fact mask
65
what is a non rebreather mask
delivery system with bag attached to bottom of mask, O2 supply flows into bag, prevents inhalation of room air/ exhaled air, 10-15L/min, 80-95% flow O2
66
what is a BiPAP/CPAP
bilevel positive airway pressure, mechanical ventilator to assist, creates different pressures on airway, positive pressure to prevent atelectasis
67
what is a ventilator
artificial ventilation of the lungs, requires artificial airway, control everything on ventilator

fundamentals exam 3 (5 decks)

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