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fundamentals exam 3 > oxygenation > Flashcards

oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

oxygen is required for creating ?

A

energy

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2
Q

carbon dioxide is a byproduct of

A

energy production

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3
Q

CO2 and O2 are exchanged between

A

the environment and cells through ventilation, respiration, and perfusion

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4
Q

what is ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs

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5
Q

what is respiration

A

gas exchange between atmospheric air in the alveoli and the capillaries

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6
Q

what is perfusion

A

oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues for use

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7
Q

ventilation is also known as

A

breathing

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8
Q

what are the two phases of ventilation

A

inspiration and expiration

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9
Q

what is inspiration in ventilation

A

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the thorax and decreasing intrathoracic pressure, allowing air to rush in (breath in)

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10
Q

what is expiration in ventilation

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thorax to get smaller and increases pressure, forcing air out of lungs (breath out)

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11
Q

what is ventilation regulated by

A

by the CNS(medulla and brainstem), chemoreceptors, and proprioceptors

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12
Q

what is meant by drive to breath in ventilation

A

is the recognition of increasing CO2 and hydrogen ions in blood

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13
Q

what do proprioceptors do

A

send signals to increase ventilation with increased physical activity

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14
Q

ventilation is influenced by

A

airway resistance, muscle tone, and lung compliance

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15
Q

what is perfusion

A

the delivery of oxygen to cells of the body and returning CO2 to the lungs

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16
Q

perfusion is impacted by

A

body position, activity level, adequacy of blood supply, and proper cardiovascular function (pumping)

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17
Q

forms of altered respiratory function

A

hyperventilation, hypoventilation, hypoxia

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18
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

ventilation in excess of what is required to remove CO2 (fast breathing)

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19
Q

possible causes of hyperventilation

A

anxiety, fever, infection, diabetic, ketoacidiosis, aspirin overdose, hypoxia

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20
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

ventilation is inadequate to meet the body oxygen demand or is inadequate to remove sufficient CO2

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21
Q

possible causes of hypoventilation

A

COPD, obesity, atelectasis

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22
Q

what is hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen available for the cells

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23
Q

possible causes of hypoxia

A

decreased hemoglobin, poor tissue perfusion

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24
Q

signs of acute hypoxia (emergency)

A

restlessness, confusion, increased pulse, tachypnea, dyspnea, increased blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias

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25
Q

signs of chronic hypoxia

A

pallor, fatigue, headache, chest pain, clubbing of nails, constipation, anorexia, decreased urine

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26
Q

ABC

A

airway, breathing, circulation

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27
Q

function of the cardiovascular system

A

pumps blood throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste (circulating)

28
Q

what is the plumping function in cardiovascular

A

pump -> heart
pipes -> vessels

29
Q

what is the electrical function in cardiovascular

A

pacemaker -> SA node
electrical signal needs to move in orderly fashion for cardiac tissue tp adequately function

30
Q

what is arrhythmia/ dysrhythmia

A

irregular heart beats

31
Q

what is ischemia

A

impaired oxygen delivery

32
Q

examples of ischemia

A

myocardial ischemia (causes chest pain) can lead to myocardial infarction, angina, cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

33
Q

cardiac valve stenosis causes

A

inefficient pumping

34
Q

heart failure is caused by

A

inefficient pumping of blood supply

35
Q

what is hypovolemia

A

inadequate blood supply

36
Q

first thing you do when conducting a physical on a patient

A

assess to ensure patient is not in acute respiratory distress

37
Q

nursing diagnosis for oxygenation problems

A

ineffective airway clearance, impaired gas exchange, ineffective breathing pattern

38
Q

health promotions in oxygenation

A

healthy lifestyle(diet, exercise, no alcohol/smoking), disease management, vaccinations, environmental pollutants

39
Q

interventions for dyspnea management

A

anxiety management, energy conservation techniques, pursed lip breathing, belly breathing

40
Q

what is pursed lip breathing

A

in through your nose out through your mouth, reduces anxiety/ panic by slowing expiration, gives sense of control

41
Q

what is belly breathing/ diaphragmatic breathing

A

used to create more functional respiratory pattern, esp. COPD, decreases RR, increase gas exchange in more alveoli; in thru nose hand on abdomen protruding as much as possible, out thru pursed lips pressing upward and inward with hand repeat 1 min

42
Q

interventions for airway maintenance

A

mobilization of secretions (oral hydration, coughing, suctioning), CPR, chest physiotherapy

43
Q

management of artificial airways includes

A

endotracheal tube (intubation), tracheostomy

44
Q

cough medications

A

expectorants, suppressants, lozenges

45
Q

interventions for promoting lung expansion

A

positioning, pain control, IS, management of chest tubes

46
Q

what are some examples of breathing exercises

A

deep breathing, incentive spirometry

47
Q

what is incentive spirometry

A

place mouth on mouth piece and inhale full breath, hold for 3 seconds, exhale 10x per hour while awake

48
Q

what is chest physiotherapy

A

use of percussion, vibration and postural drainage that helps to mobilize secretions for large amounts of secretions or ineffective coughs

49
Q

risks for suctioning

A

hypoxia, tissue trauma/ bleeding, anxiety, death (from hypoxia or cardiac arrest)

50
Q

tracheal suctioning is what type of technique

A

sterile

51
Q

position for promotion of lung expansion

A

upright/ folwers, semi-fowler, prone, tripod

52
Q

room air is what % oxygen

A

21

53
Q

oxygen is administered with an order, in emergency situations what do you do first

A

treat the patient, then get the order

54
Q

administer oxygen when patients show

A

hypoxia/ decreasing SpO2, tachypnea, chest pain, while recovering from anesthesia

55
Q

oxygen aidminstaion equipment

A

flow meter, humidifier, portable compressed oxygen tank, compressor

56
Q

what is a flow meter

A

attaches to the O2 outlet to adjust amount of P2 being delivered; check each time enter room

57
Q

when is the humidifier used with oxygen

A

prevents drying, cracking, bleeding of nasal mucosa (from nasal cannula), sterile water provides moisture

58
Q

methods of oxygen administration

A

high flow oxygen system and low flow oxygen system

59
Q

what is high flow oxygen system

A

provides total amount if inspired air, O2 delivery does not vary with breathing patten

60
Q

what is low flow oxygen system

A

provides only part of total air inspired air, more comfortable, O2 delivery varies with breathing pattern

61
Q

what is a nasal cannula

A

more common delivery of O2, can eat, drink, talk, perform ADLs, 1-6 L/min, 22-44% flow O2

62
Q

what is a Venturi mask

A

high flow system, 4-6 L/min, 24-40 flow O2

63
Q

what is a simple face mask

A

covers mouth and nose, interferes with eating, talking, drinking, may lead to claustrophobic reaction, 5-8L/min, 40-60% flow O2

64
Q

which oxygen delivery is not suitable with COPD patients

A

simple fact mask

65
Q

what is a non rebreather mask

A

delivery system with bag attached to bottom of mask, O2 supply flows into bag, prevents inhalation of room air/ exhaled air, 10-15L/min, 80-95% flow O2

66
Q

what is a BiPAP/CPAP

A

bilevel positive airway pressure, mechanical ventilator to assist, creates different pressures on airway, positive pressure to prevent atelectasis

67
Q

what is a ventilator

A

artificial ventilation of the lungs, requires artificial airway, control everything on ventilator

fundamentals exam 3 (5 decks)

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