cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

where is the apex of the heart

A

around 4-5th intercostal space, left of midclavicular line

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2
Q

location of apical pulse

A

around 4-5th intercostal space, left of midclavicular line

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3
Q

what are the two cardiac cycle phases

A

systolic and diastolic

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4
Q

what happens during systolic

A

ventricles contract

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5
Q

what happens during diastolic

A

ventricles relax

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6
Q

questions to ask about cardiac assessment

A

chest pain, palpations, dyspnea, orthopnea, smoking, medications, street drugs, stress, alcohol, family history (CHF, DM, HTN, high cholesterol, murmurs)

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7
Q

what to inspect of cardiovascular

A

skin color, edema, visible pulsations

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8
Q

what to palpate of cardiovascular

A

capillary refill, pulse deficit (radial and apical pulse at same time/ difference)

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9
Q

what to auscultate on cardiovascular in order

A

aortic valve, pulmonic valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve (APTM- all teachers teach math)

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10
Q

what are the two main heart sounds

A

S1 and S2

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11
Q

what are S1 heart sounds

A

mitral valve closing prior to left ventricle contraction; heard as lub

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12
Q

what are S2 heart sounds

A

aortic valve closes after left ventricle empties; heard as dub

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13
Q

what are abnormal heart findings

A

dysrhythmia

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14
Q

what are examples of dysrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation, VFib, VF; extra heart sounds, murmur, rubs

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