cardiovascular Flashcards
where is the apex of the heart
around 4-5th intercostal space, left of midclavicular line
location of apical pulse
around 4-5th intercostal space, left of midclavicular line
what are the two cardiac cycle phases
systolic and diastolic
what happens during systolic
ventricles contract
what happens during diastolic
ventricles relax
questions to ask about cardiac assessment
chest pain, palpations, dyspnea, orthopnea, smoking, medications, street drugs, stress, alcohol, family history (CHF, DM, HTN, high cholesterol, murmurs)
what to inspect of cardiovascular
skin color, edema, visible pulsations
what to palpate of cardiovascular
capillary refill, pulse deficit (radial and apical pulse at same time/ difference)
what to auscultate on cardiovascular in order
aortic valve, pulmonic valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve (APTM- all teachers teach math)
what are the two main heart sounds
S1 and S2
what are S1 heart sounds
mitral valve closing prior to left ventricle contraction; heard as lub
what are S2 heart sounds
aortic valve closes after left ventricle empties; heard as dub
what are abnormal heart findings
dysrhythmia
what are examples of dysrhythmia
atrial fibrillation, VFib, VF; extra heart sounds, murmur, rubs
