Respiratory Flashcards
•Dyspnea
•Cough with or w/o sputum
•Wheezing during auscultation
•Acute chest illness
MEDADVICE
Asthma
- Dry Cough x3 months (chronic)
- Hemoptysis
- Fever
- Midline Burning Chest Pain
- Rhonchi that clears with coughing
- Crackles
- Wheezing
Bronchitis
- Fever
- Cough
- Smoking Hx
- Nasopharyngeal or GI Bleed
- Blood streaking of sputum
- Gross blood from between the vocal chords or lungs
Hemoptysis
- Fever or Hypothermia
- Cough (Productive or Nonproductive)
- Dyspnea
- Chest Discomfort
- Sweats or Rigors
- Rhonchi and rales on auscultation
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
Pneumonia
- Decreased breath sounds
- Dullness to percussion on affected side
- Respiratory distress and hypotension
- Tachypnea
- Hypotension and flattened neck veins depending on degree of blood loss
Hemothorax
- Absent or decreased breath sounds
- Hyper resonance to percussion
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Decreased tactile fremitus
- Decreased chest movement
- Hyper resonance on affected side
- Typically young, tall, men who smoke aged 20-40
Pneumothorax
•Tracheal deviation away from the pneumothorax with RESPIRATORY distress and HYPOTENSION.
Tension Pneumothorax
•Acute onset or worsening of dyspnea at rest.
•Tachycardia
•Diaphoresis
•Cyanosis
•Pulmonary rales in all lung fields, rhonchi; expiratory wheezing
•Production of pink, frothy sputum
MEDADVICE
Pulmonary Edema
- Daytime somnolence or fatigue
- History of loud snoring with witnessed apneic events
- Advancing age
- Male gender
- Obesity
- Craniofacial morphology or upper airway soft tissue abnormalities
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Sudden onset of intermittent(fleeting) pain in the chest wall
- Usually follows an injury or illness
- Pain worsened by coughing , sneezing, deep breathing, or movement
- In a young otherwise HEALTHY PT, previous viral respiratory illness or pneumonia
- Previous trauma to the chest wall such as rib fractures may be the cause
Pleuritis
•Hx of blunt thoracic trauma or MVA’s
•Localized pain
•Crepitus
•Pain with inspiration
•Dyspnea
MEDAVICE
Rib Fracture
- Pain and respiratory distress
- Usually from a significant blunt force i.e. motor vehicle collision or fall from a height
Flail Chest
- Any Hx that indicates previous disposition to venous thrombosis especially in the lower extremities
- VIRCHOW’S TRIAD (VENOUS STASIS - Immobility, INJURY TO VESSEL WALL - Trauma, Orthopedic Surgery, HYPERCOAGULABILITY - meds/travel/inherited gene defects)
- Dyspnea, cough, anxiety, and chest pain occur at varying combinations
- Hemoptysis, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common
- Low grade fever, hypotension, cyanosis, DVT signs, pleural friction rub may be present
Pulmonary Embolism
- Fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats and productive cough
- Hx will determine any risk factors: household exposure, incarceration, drug use, or travel to endemic area
- Crackles may be present throughout inspiration or may be heard only after a short cough (posttussive crackles)
Tuberculosis
- Clear rhinorrhea, hyposmia, nasal congestion
- Malaise, headache and cough
- Symptoms lasts <4 weeks and typically <10 days
Upper Respiratory Infection
- Most frequent intrathoracic injury in NON PENETRATING chest trauma
- PNEUMONIA is the most common complication
- Hypoxia is the most important sign
- Dsypnea
- Hemoptysis
- Tachycardia
- Other evidence of chest injury
Pulmonary Contusion
- Usually the result of MVA’s and crush injuries
- Dyspnea
- Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck or upper thoracic region
- Hoarseness
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxia
- Persistent pneumothorax despite appropriate tube thoracostomy
Tracheobronchial Injury
•Pronounced stridorous respirations
•Unable to breathe or speak
•May have a visible swelling or mass in the neck
•Tongue may be swollen, as may other structures in the mouth
MEDADVICE
Acute Respiratory Distress
