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FEP MDT S/Sx's > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

TRANSIENT
•Vision returns to normal within 24 hours, usually within 1 hour
>24 HOURS
•Sudden, painless loss

A

Acute Vision Loss

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2
Q

“ANTERIOR
•Involves the lid skin, eyelashes, and associated glands
•Eyes are ““redrimmed”” and scales or granulations can be seen clinging to the lashes

•Both present with itching, burning, mild pain, foreign body sensation, tearing. erythema of the lids, and crusting around the eyes upon awakening

A

Anterior Blepharitis

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3
Q

POSTERIOR
•Results from inflammation of the Meibomian glands
•Eyelid margins are hyperemic with telangiectasia, and the Meibomian glands and their orifices are inflamed

•Both present with itching, burning, mild pain, foreign body sensation, tearing. erythema of the lids, and crusting around the eyes upon awakening

A

Posterior Blepharitis

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4
Q
  • Red eye, foreign body sensation, usually asymptomatic unless there is associated chemosis
  • Blood underneath the conjunctiva, often in one sector of the eye and the entire view of the sclera may be covered by blood
  • Can be caused by valsalva maneuver; coughing, sneezing, vomiting, bearing down with constipation, or other forms of straining
  • Can be from trauma, hypertension and diabetes, bleeding disorder, antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, topical steroid therapy, hemorrhage due to orbital mass, idiopathic
A

Conjunctival Hemorrhage

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5
Q
  • Itching, burning, tearing, gritty or foreign body sensation; history of recent URI or contact with someone with viral conjunctivitis
  • Watery discharge, red and edematous eyelids, pinpoint subconjunctival hemorrhages, punctate keratopathy
A

Viral Conjunctivitis

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6
Q
  • Itching, watery discharge, and a history of ALLERGIES.
  • Occurs bilaterally, chemosis, red and edematous eyelids, conjunctival papillae, periocular hyperpigmentation, no preauricular node
A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

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7
Q
  • Redness, foreign body sensation, discharge; itching is much less prominent
  • Purulent white-yellow discharge or mild to moderate degree
  • Conjunctival papillae, chemosis, preauricular node typically absent
A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

•Severe purulent discharge, hyperacute onset (within 12 to 24 hours)
•Conjunctival papillae, marked chemosis, preauricular adenopathy, eyelid swelling
- If corneal involvement, MEDEVAC

A

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

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9
Q

•Foreign body sensation, tearing, history of trauma; with or without a rust ring

A

Ocular Foreign Body

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10
Q

•Erythema and edema of lid and conjunctivae; discharge, ocular pain or foreign body sensation, photophobia and/or blurred vision
•Visual acuity is decreased if the ulcer is located in the central visual axis
•Cornea reveals a round or irregular ulcer, with a hypopyon (white, hazy base)
•Common with contact lens wearers
* MEDEVAC*

A

Corneal Ulcer

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11
Q
  • Remains painful and localized to an eyelid margin
  • Tearing, photophobia, and foreign body sensation
  • Small, yellowish pustule develops at the base of an eyelash
  • Eyelid hyperemia, edema, swelling, and pain
A

Hordeolum

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12
Q
  • Small, nontender nodule in the eyelid center
  • Eyelid hyperemia, edema, swelling, and pain
A

Chalazion

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13
Q
  • Trauma or recent ocular surgery are the most common risk factors
  • Blood or clot or both in the anterior chamber that may be black or red
  • Pain, sensitivity to light, blurred, clouded or blocked vision, history of blunt trauma
A

Hyphema

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14
Q
  • ACUTE NONGRANULOMATOUS ANTERIOR UVEITIS - Pain, redness, photophobia, visual loss, hypopyon (WBC pool) and fibrin within the anterior chamber, KPs seen on the corneal endothelium
  • GRANULOMATOUS ANTERIOR UVEITIS - Blurred vision in a mildly inflamed eye, ““mutton fat”” KPs and iris nodules
  • POSTERIOR UVEITIS - Gradual loss of vision in a minimally inflammed eye, vitreous opacity
A

Uveitis/Iritis

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15
Q

•Red eye, pain, blurred vision, double vision, eyelid and/or periorbital swelling, nasal congestion/discharge, sinus headache/pressure/congestion, tooth pain, infra- and/or supraorbital pain, or hypesthesia
•Eyelid edema, erythema, warmth, and tenderness, Conjunctival chemosis, injection, proptosis and restricted extraocular motility with pain on attempted eye movement
•Signs of optic neuropathy may be present in severe cases
**MEDEVAC**

A

Orbital Cellulitis

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16
Q

•Pain on attempted eye movement and local tenderness, eyelid edema, crepitus (particularly after nose blowing), binocular diplopia, numbness of the cheek, upper lip, and/or teeth, acute tearing
•Restricted eye movement especially in upward or lateral gaze or both, subcutaneous or conjunctival emphysema, hypoesthesia, point tenderness, enophthalmos and hypoglobus
**MEDEVAC**

A

Orbital Fracture

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17
Q
  • Caused by sunlight exposure, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress
  • Wing shaped fold of fibrovascular tissue arising from the interpalpebral conjunctiva and extending onto the cornea, usually nasal in location
A

Pterygium

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18
Q
  • Severe pain, tearing, and photophobia
  • History of trauma to the eye, commonly involving a foreign object (fingernail, piece of paper, or contact lens)
A

Corneal Abrasion

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19
Q

RHEGMATOGENOUS
•Flashes of light, floaters, a curtain or shadow moving over the field of vision, peripheral or central visual loss, or both

EXUDATIVE
•Minimal to severe visual loss or a visual field defect; visual changes may vary with head position

TRACTIONAL
•VIsual loss or visual field defect; may be asymptomatic

**MEDEVAC**

A

Retinal Detachment

20
Q
  • Caused by use of a sunlamp without eye protection, exposure to a welding arc, or snow blindness
  • Numerous, microdots on the corneal surface after staining and under high magnification
A

Flash Burns

21
Q

•Pain, decreased vision, loss of fluid from eye, Hx of trauma, fall, or sharp object entering globe
•Critical - full-thickness scleral or corneal laceration, severe subconjunctival hemorrhage, peaked or irregular pupil, lens material or vitreous in the anterior chamber, intraocular contents may be outside of globe
**MEDEVAC**

A

Penetrating Eye Wound

22
Q

•Photophobia, pain, eye redness, and decreased vision
•History of oral or genital herpes infection
•Punctate keratitis
•Dendritic keratitis (branching epithelial ulceration with bulbs at the end of each branch)
•Geographic ulcer (large, amoeba-shaped corneal ulcer with a dendritic edge)
•Eyelid may have typical herpetic vesicular eruptions
•Palpable preauricular node
•Conjunctiva can be injected and corneal senitivity may be decreased
**MEDEVAC**

A

Herpetic Lesion of the Eye

23
Q
  • History of auricular trauma
  • Edematous, fluctuant, and ecchymotic pinna with loss of normal cartilaginous landmarks
A

Auricular Hematoma

24
Q
  • Damage to the tympanic membrane caused by rapid changes in pressure; most common etiology is flying
  • Severe inner pain, conductive hearing loss, possible vertigo, specific MOI to include symptoms associated with changes in inner ear pressure
  • Possible TM perforation from acute pressure changes
  • TM may be bulging in appearance
  • Fluid in the ear canal
A

Barotrauma

25
Q
  • Decrease in hearing, and/or sensation of pressure or fullness
  • Often precipitated by the use of cotton tipped applicators
A

Cerumen Impaction

26
Q

•History of prolonged eustachian tube dysfunction
•Examination will reveal an epitympanic retraction pocket or a marginal tympanic membrane perforation that exudes keratin debris, or granulation tissue
**MEDEVAC**

A

Cholesteatoma

27
Q
  • Specific MOI
  • Muffled sounds, severe pain, and hearing disturbances/changes
A

Foreign Body of the Ear

28
Q
  • Severe ear pain
  • Fullness or ““underwater sensation””, hearing loss or ““muffled hearing””
  • Tinnitus
  • "”Popping or snapping noises””
A

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

29
Q
  • Hx of being around industrial machinery, weapons, loud music
  • Difficulty hearing, hearing loss, ear fullness, dizziness or vertigo, tinnitus
A

Noise Induced Hearing Loss

30
Q

•Complication from acute otitis media (ask medical Hx)
•Postauricular pain and erythema accompanied by a spiking fever
•Edema, tenderness, protrusion of the auricle and the obliteration of the post auricular crease
**MEDEVAC**

A

Mastoiditis

31
Q
  • Painful erythema and edema of the ear canal skin accompanied by purulent exudate
  • History of water exposure (swimmers ear) or mechanical trauma (scratching, Qtips)
A

Otitis Externa

32
Q
  • Otalgia, aural pressure, decreased hearing, fever, and history of URI
  • Erythema and hypomobility of tympanic membrane
  • Severe - TM bulging (rupture imminent), mastoid tenderness
A

Otitis Media

33
Q

•Conductive hearing loss/changes, headache, noise intolerance, vertigo, TMJ dysfunction, “ringing noise”

A

Tinnitus

34
Q
  • Can occur secondary to middle ear infections, or as a result of barotrauma, blunt/penetrating/acoustic trauma, or lightning strikes
  • Perforation almost always occurs on the pars tensa
  • Acute onset of pain and hearing loss; associated vertigo or tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, and history of recurrent ear infections
  • Visible perforation of the tympanic membrane; otorrhea (pus, blood, or clear fluid from canal)
A

TM Perforation

35
Q

•Acute , unilateral bleeding from the anterior nasal cavity is the most common presentation

A

Epistaxis

36
Q
  • Commonly seen in PTs with allergic rhinitis
  • They usually appear smooth and rounded, moist and translucent, variable size, color ranging from nearly none to deep erythema
A

Nasal Polyps

37
Q
  • Crepitus or palpably mobile bony segments
  • Epistaxis, pain, soft tissue hematomas (black eye)
  • Possible palpable step-off of the infraorbital rim
A

Nasal Fracture

38
Q

NOSE
•Clear rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and sneezing, pale or violaceous turbinates, nasal polyps (chronic allergic rhinitis)

EYE
•Irritation, pruritus, conjunctival erythema, excessive tearing

ASSOC. SYMPTOMS
•Cough, bronchospasm, wheezing, eczematous dermatitis
•Environmental allergen exposure in the presence of allergen specific IgE

A

Allergic Rhinitis/URI

39
Q
  • Purulent yellow-green nasal discharge or expectoration
  • Facial pain or pressure over the affected sinus or sinuses
  • Nasal obstruction and acute onset of symptoms
  • Associated cough, malaise, fever and headache
A

Sinusitis

40
Q

•Rapidly developing sore throat or odynophagia is out of proportion to minimal oropharyngeal findings
•Laryngoscopy may demonstrate swollen, erythematous epiglottis
**MEDEVAC**

A

Epiglottitis

41
Q
  • White painless lesion that cannot be scraped or removed that may be several centimeters in diameter
  • Usually superficial but may have submucosal depth upon palpation
  • May have wrinkled ““wet finger”” appearance
  • May have underlying redness or dysplasia
  • Cannot be attributed to another definable lesion
A

Leukoplakia

42
Q

•Severe sore throat, odynophagia, muffled ““hot potato”” voice, trismus (lockjaw), inferior and medial displacement of the infected tonsil, contralateral deflection of the swollen uvula
•Moist and translucent, palatal edema, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, drooling, dehydration, color ranging from none to deep erythema
**MEDEVAC**

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

43
Q
  • After an incubation period of 2-5 days a sudden onset of sore throat, painful swallowing, chills, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting
  • Erythema of the tonsils, tonsillar pillars, and an edematous uvula
  • CENTOR Criteria - Fever >100.4, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, no cough, pharyngotonsillar exudates
A

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis

44
Q
  • Acute swelling of the parotid or submandibular glands
  • Increased pain and swelling with meals
  • Tenderness and erythema of the duct opening
  • Pus can often be massaged from the duct
A

Sialadenitis

45
Q
  • Minor cases are usually asymptomatic
  • Halitosis (hot breafff), sore throat, white debris, bad taste (metallic) in the back of the throat, dysphagia, ear ache, tonsillitis
A

Tonsiloliths

FEP MDT S/Sx's (11 decks)

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