Respiratory Flashcards
Label picture 27 (9)
See picture 28
Name 5 causes hypoxemia (low pa02)
• low fio2
• hypoventilation
•decreased DLCO (diffusing capacity of lungs for Carbon monoxide) - ability to assess lungs’ ability to transfer gas to blood. Damage to alveolar-capillary interface.
• shunt ( po2 (A -a) > 15)
. VQ mismatch ( part of lung receive oxygen but no blood flow or other way around) (deadspace ventilation and intrapulmonary shunting)
Normal Pa02?
80-100 mmHg
(The amount of O2 in blood available to bind with Hb)
Define mild hypoxia value
Pa02 60-80 mm Hg
Define moderate hypoxia value using paO2
Pa02 40-60 mmHg
Define severe hypoxaemia value
<40 mmHg PaO2
What is physiological peep?
2-3 cm H2O
Result of too much peep?
Dead space ventilation
Name 4 causes haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve to left
Increased affinity for oxygen
• hypothermia
• decrease pco2
• decrease 2,3 DPG (facilitate oxygen release)
• decrease hydrogen (increase ph)
Name 4 causes haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve to right
Decreased affinity
• hyperthermia
Increase pco2
• increase 2,3 DPG
• increase hydrogen (decrease PH)
How much fio2 given intra-op?
At least 30%
How does general anaesthesia affect shunt fraction?
Increase by 5%
Lung compliance formula?
Change in volume ( l) ÷ change in pressure (cm)
Minute ventilation (mv) formula?
TV X rr
Which 3 factors are important in considering pa02?
• Fi02
• Pbarometric
• age
Identify pathology picture 29
Obstructive lung disease atelectatic
Simple formula for pa02?
102 - age/3
Identify pathology picture 30
Obstructive lung disease
Identify pathology picture 31
Bronchiectatic obstructive lung disease
Differences in static lung volumes in obstructive lung disease? (3)
• Larger FRC functional residual capacity
• increase tlC total lung capacity
• increase rv residual volume significant!
Diagnosis obstructive lung disease? (2)
FEV1: FvC <70% predicted and not reversible with bronchodilators
FEF 25-75% (forced expiratory flow )
Identify pathology picture 32
Graph 1: normal
2: obstructive
3: restrictive
Identify pathology picture 33
Restrictive lung disease