Respiratory Flashcards
Intro
Look, feel, tap and listen to your chest, as well as examining your breathing
Exposure
Waist upwards
Position
45 degrees
Signs of respiratory distress
Cyanosis
Nasal flaring
Tripod position
Normal respiratory rate
12-20 breaths/min
Resp rate <12
Bradypnoea
Resp rate >20
Tachypnoea
Normal trachea position
Equidistant between clavicular heads
Tracheal deviation away from the leison
Tension pneumothorax
Extensive pleural effusion
Chest expansion
Tracheal deviation towards the leison
Upper lobe collapse
Upper lobe fibrosis (e.g. TB)
Pneumonectomy
Normal chest expansion
4-5cm symmetrical
Unilateral decrease in chest expansion
Pneumothorax Pleural effusion Collapsed lung Consolidation (same side)
Symmetrical decrease in chest expansion
Asthma
COPD (+smoker)
Fibrosis
Rib fracture (+pain breathing in)
Healthy lung percussion
Resonant
Loud
Low pitched
Where to percuss lung anteriorly
Supraclavicular (apex) (bell) Infraclavicular 2nd ICS 6th ICS Axilla
Where to percuss lung posteriorly
Level of trapezius
Level of spine of scapulae
Level of 10/11th rib
Causes of hyper-resonant percussion
(Excess air) Pneumothorax COPD Acute asthma Hollow bowels
Causes of hyo-resonant percussion
(Fills the lung but not air) Bone Tumour Consolidation Collapse Normal liver
Causes of stony dull percussion
Pleural effusion
Haemothorax
Types of breathing
Bronchial
Vestibular
