Respiratory 110 Flashcards by ashli nicely

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction

Can cause airway blockage

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Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing

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Dyspnea w/ exertion

(A lot of exercise)

Can uncover pulmonary or cardiac diseases

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Dyspnea while sleeping

Pulmonary disease makes breathing harder
Lying flat has organs push against the diaphragm
Propping up pillows can help

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Inhalers

Medication that prevents or treats bronchial inflammation

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Oxygen

Is a medication

Frequency, amount(L/ min) and effect

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Calculating pack years for smokers

Number of years smoked times the number of packs per day smoked
Example: smoked 1/2 pack per day for 40 years
40x0.5=20 pack years

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Respiratory diseases that can be genetic

Lung disease
Cancer
TB
CF
Emphysema
Asthma

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Home irritants that could cause temporary or permanent lung damage

Air pollution
Home allergens (pets, dusts, plants)
Type of HVAC system
Hobbies(wood work)
Exposure to 2nd hand smoke

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Why traveling to foreign countries cause lung damage

Exposure to infections they have little or no resistance to will increase susceptibility to the infection

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OLDCARTS

Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravation and alleviating symptoms
Related symptoms 
Treatment 
Severity

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Acute cough

Sudden onset, last less than 3 weeks

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Chronic cough

Lasting longer than 3 weeks

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Cough discription

Dry
Productive
Hacking
Hoarse

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Sputum with coughing

Frequency and time of day
Clear=normal
Yellow/green=bacterial infection 
Black=smoke or coal dust inhalation
Rust-colored= TB or pneumonia
Hemoptysis= sputum containing blood
Consistency= thick, thin, sticky, frothy

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Foul-smelling cough

Typical with bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis

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Normal range of words before needing to take a breath is

10 -14

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Respiratory diseases

Asthma
Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
CF
Lung cancer
TB
Pneumonia

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Orthopnea

SOB while lying down

Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea

SOB that awakens pt in the middle of the night usually in a pain with the feeling of suffocation

What can bring on an asthma attack

Allergens

Related symptoms with SOB

Cough
Chest pain
Sweating
Swelling of feet,ankles, or legs

Cyanosis or pale skin

Show inadequate oxygenation of tissues

Clubbing of nails

Consistent with chronic hypoxia

Pallor

Pale skin

Abdominal breathing

Can be normal in men | Also called diaphragmatic breathing

Adventitious lung sounds

Crackles Wheezes Rhonchi Pleural friction rub

Crackle lung sounds

High-pitched cracking and popping at the end of inspiration | NOT CLEARED W/COUGH

Wheezes lung sound

High- pitched musical similar to squeak | More common during expiration

Lung sounds- Rhonchi

Low-pitched, coarse,loud, low snoring or moaning tone Heard primarily during expiration COUGHING MAY CLEAR

Lung sounds- pleural friction rub

Low-pitched, coarse rubbing sound Heard throughout inspiration and expiration NOT CLEARED W/COUGH

False adventitious lung sounds

Anatomy(obese, large breast) Shivering or chest hair Lots of environmental noises Bumping the stethoscope

vestibular sounds

Heard all over the lungs in front and back

Bronchovesticular sounds

Each side of the sternal border 4 anteriorly | Each side of spin posteriorly 6

Bronchial sounds

Heard over the trachea | NOT heard posteriorly

Kyphosis

Slumping over | Makes thoracic expansion more difficult

RR rate of 32 with a 70 yr old pt.... First ask

If he exercised

DOE

Dyspnea of exertion

Barrel chest

An increased anteroposterior(AP) to transverse ratio | Normal 1:2

Hypoxemia

An abnormally low oxygen level in the arterial blood | Assess thoracic skin color, nail beds, color of soles and palms, shape of fingers and finger tips

Angle of Louis

The L sternal angle

Second rib

Is attached to the sternum at the angle of Louis

Fremitus

Vibration of the chest while talking

Fremitus w/ pneumonia pt

Is expected to increase over areas of consolidation

Thick purulent sputum is a sign of

Infection

What can cause pulmonary edema

Heart disease | Kidney disease