Respiratory 110 Flashcards
Anaphylaxis
Severe allergic reaction
Can cause airway blockage
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Dyspnea w/ exertion
(A lot of exercise)
Can uncover pulmonary or cardiac diseases
Dyspnea while sleeping
Pulmonary disease makes breathing harder
Lying flat has organs push against the diaphragm
Propping up pillows can help
Inhalers
Medication that prevents or treats bronchial inflammation
Oxygen
Is a medication
Frequency, amount(L/ min) and effect
Calculating pack years for smokers
Number of years smoked times the number of packs per day smoked
Example: smoked 1/2 pack per day for 40 years
40x0.5=20 pack years
Respiratory diseases that can be genetic
Lung disease Cancer TB CF Emphysema Asthma
Home irritants that could cause temporary or permanent lung damage
Air pollution Home allergens (pets, dusts, plants) Type of HVAC system Hobbies(wood work) Exposure to 2nd hand smoke
Why traveling to foreign countries cause lung damage
Exposure to infections they have little or no resistance to will increase susceptibility to the infection
OLDCARTS
Onset Location Duration Characteristics Aggravation and alleviating symptoms Related symptoms Treatment Severity
Acute cough
Sudden onset, last less than 3 weeks
Chronic cough
Lasting longer than 3 weeks
Cough discription
Dry
Productive
Hacking
Hoarse
Sputum with coughing
Frequency and time of day Clear=normal Yellow/green=bacterial infection Black=smoke or coal dust inhalation Rust-colored= TB or pneumonia Hemoptysis= sputum containing blood Consistency= thick, thin, sticky, frothy
Foul-smelling cough
Typical with bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis
Normal range of words before needing to take a breath is
10 -14
Respiratory diseases
Asthma Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Emphysema CF Lung cancer TB Pneumonia
Orthopnea
SOB while lying down
Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea
SOB that awakens pt in the middle of the night usually in a pain with the feeling of suffocation
What can bring on an asthma attack
Allergens
Related symptoms with SOB
Cough
Chest pain
Sweating
Swelling of feet,ankles, or legs
Cyanosis or pale skin
Show inadequate oxygenation of tissues
Clubbing of nails
Consistent with chronic hypoxia
Pallor
Pale skin
Abdominal breathing
Can be normal in men
Also called diaphragmatic breathing
Adventitious lung sounds
Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchi
Pleural friction rub
Crackle lung sounds
High-pitched cracking and popping at the end of inspiration
NOT CLEARED W/COUGH
Wheezes lung sound
High- pitched musical similar to squeak
More common during expiration
Lung sounds- Rhonchi
Low-pitched, coarse,loud, low snoring or moaning tone
Heard primarily during expiration
COUGHING MAY CLEAR
Lung sounds- pleural friction rub
Low-pitched, coarse rubbing sound
Heard throughout inspiration and expiration
NOT CLEARED W/COUGH
False adventitious lung sounds
Anatomy(obese, large breast)
Shivering or chest hair
Lots of environmental noises
Bumping the stethoscope
vestibular sounds
Heard all over the lungs in front and back
Bronchovesticular sounds
Each side of the sternal border 4 anteriorly
Each side of spin posteriorly 6
Bronchial sounds
Heard over the trachea
NOT heard posteriorly
Kyphosis
Slumping over
Makes thoracic expansion more difficult
RR rate of 32 with a 70 yr old pt…. First ask
If he exercised
DOE
Dyspnea of exertion
Barrel chest
An increased anteroposterior(AP) to transverse ratio
Normal 1:2
Hypoxemia
An abnormally low oxygen level in the arterial blood
Assess thoracic skin color, nail beds, color of soles and palms, shape of fingers and finger tips
Angle of Louis
The L sternal angle
Second rib
Is attached to the sternum at the angle of Louis
Fremitus
Vibration of the chest while talking
Fremitus w/ pneumonia pt
Is expected to increase over areas of consolidation
Thick purulent sputum is a sign of
Infection
What can cause pulmonary edema
Heart disease
Kidney disease
