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NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Pediatrics) > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Respiratory Distress ?

A

Any illness that affects the lungs ability to get oxygen in and carbon dioxide (CO2) out

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2
Q

What are observable signs of Respiratory Distress in children ?

A
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • Nasal flaring
  • Sternal retractions
  • Grunting with respirations
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3
Q

What are illnesses that can cause respiratory distress ?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Atelectasis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pleural effusion
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4
Q

The amount of respiratory distress, depends on what ?

A

The degree of airway disease

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5
Q

What is Laryngotracheobronchitis also known as ?

A

Croup

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6
Q

What is laryngotracheobronchitis (aka: Croup) ?

A

A viral infection that can result in…

  • slight to severe dyspnea
  • braking or brassy cough
  • elevated temperature
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7
Q

Viral organisms responsible for Croup include ?

A
  • Parainfluenza
  • Adenovirus
  • RSV

they sound like a “barking seal”

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8
Q

What is the Tx for Laryngotracheobronchitis (aka: Croup) ?

A

Manage children at home with mild croup

  • At home most episodes can be treated with…..
  • Steam from hot shower
  • Cool temperature therapy (open freezer, outside, etc)
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9
Q

Why is Cool temperature therapy an at home Tx option ?

A

B/c it helps constrict the swollen blood vessels in the trachea that are causing swelling

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10
Q

If symptoms of Laryngotracheobronchitis worsen or there is no improvement with home Treatments, what can be done next ?

A

Nebulized epinephrine or corticosteroids

may be administered by the PHP or in the ED

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11
Q

Nebulized epinephrine has what type of onset ?

A

Rapid onset

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12
Q

What do you always want watch for when giving Nebulized epinephrine ?

A

Relapse & return of symptoms when the epinephrine wears off

peaks in approx. 2 hrs

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13
Q

What is Epiglotitis ?

A

A serious obstructive inflammatory process

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Epiglotitis ?

A
  • Absence of a cough
  • dysphagia
  • drooling
  • and rapid progression to severe respiratory distress
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15
Q

With Epiglotitis, what is the primary organism cause ?

A

H-flu

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16
Q

What is the prevention for Epiglotitis ?

A

Hib vaccine

17
Q

Epiglotitis is caused by what ?

Can lead to what ?

A

Infection of the Epiglotitis

Can lead to a partial or full occlusion of the airway

18
Q

Epiglotitis is considered what ?

A

A Medical Emergency

19
Q

True or False:

With Epiglotitis, they look worse than they sound ?

A

True

20
Q

The less noise a client with Epiglotitis makes, the… ?

A

The worse the airway obstruction

21
Q

What should you Never do in a client with Epiglotitis ?

A

Never try to visualize the throat or tongue with a tongue depressor

(airway obstruction could occur at any time)

22
Q

Where is the best place for a client with Epiglotitis to be ?

A

Best to be in the OR where anesthesia can be administered for an Endotracheal tube (ET tube) insertion & emergency tract could be preformed

23
Q

What is another name for RSV ?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

24
Q

What does RSV cause in adults ?

A

Common cold

25
Q

What is the leading cause of lower Respiratory tract illness in children less than 2 years of age ?

A

RSV

26
Q

What is RSV caused by ?

A

Caused by an acute viral infection that affects the bronchioles

27
Q

What Respiratory illness can be life-threatening in infants ?

A

RSV

28
Q

What are risk factors for RSV ?

A
  • Prematurity
  • Congenital disorders (like congenital heart defects)
  • Smoke, in any form
29
Q

With RSV, what do you want to focus on with premature infants and those with congenital disorders ?

A

Focus is on Prevention

  • this includes sick contacts, and immunization with RSV vaccines
30
Q

What are signs and symptoms of RSV ?

A
  • Begins with simple URI
  • Nasal discharge
  • Mild fever
  • Wheezing
  • Nonproductive paroxysmal cough (sudden coughing spells)
  • Tacypnea with flaring nares
  • Dyspnea and retractions

** Know the s/s, because RSV will become worse at days 2 to 3 and can progress to life threatening respiratory distress**

31
Q

Why do you want to know the s/s of RSV ?

A

Because RSV will become worse at days 2 to 3 and can progress to life threatening respiratory distress.

32
Q

RSV - HINT

Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe; can progress from simple cough and runny nose to copious amounts of mucous, to severe respiratory distress!

A
33
Q

What is the Tx for mild RSV ?

A

Treat symptoms (supportive care: antipyretics)

34
Q

What is the Tx for severe RSV ?

A
  • IV fluids
  • Albuterol sulfate (may not be very effective)
  • Antipyretics
  • Suction
  • Oxygen (may need intubation & mechanical ventilation)
35
Q

What is Pneumonia ?

A

Disease marked by inflammation of the lungs

36
Q

What are causes of Pneumonia ?

A
  • Bacterial infections
  • Viral infections
  • Fungal infections
  • Aspiration of a foreign substance
37
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Pneumonia ?

A

The same as generalized respiratory distress

  • Fine crackles or rhonci with a cough that is either productive or non-productive
  • Decreased or absent breath sounds over the affected lung fields
  • Chest pain
  • Back or abdominal pain
  • Fever, usually very high
38
Q

What are the Tx’s for Pneumonia ?

A

Depends on the type of pneumonia

  1. ) First priority is always ABC’s
  2. ) Oxygen
  3. ) Fluids (to keep them hydrated)
  4. ) Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia/ supportive care for Viral pneumonia
  5. ) Supportive care: hydration, antipyretics, and nebulizers
39
Q

______________ _______________ help prevent the most common types of bacterial pneumonia ?

A

Childhood vaccines

  • Encourage parents to have their children vaccinated! *

NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Pediatrics) (13 decks)

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