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NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Pediatrics) > Anything goes (Tet spells, UTI's, Hydrocehpalus, Scoliosis, Chicken Pox > Flashcards

Anything goes (Tet spells, UTI's, Hydrocehpalus, Scoliosis, Chicken Pox Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Tet spells also known as ?

A

“Hypercyanotic” spells

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2
Q

Tet spells are seen in who ?

A

Children with the congenital heart defect of Tetralogy of Fallot

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3
Q

What are Tet spells caused by ?

A

Insufficient blood flow to the lungs

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4
Q

What is the Treatment for Hypercyanotic Tet spells ?

A
  • Put infants in the knee-chest position
  • 100% O2
  • Morphine for sedations
  • Monitor Cardiac Output
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5
Q

Why do you want to put infants in the knee-chest position for Tet spells ?

A

This decreases venous return from the lower extremities (the desaturated blood) and increases systemic resistance which diverts the blood to the pulmonary artery for oxygenation

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6
Q

What is the prevention for Tet spells ?

A
  • Quiet play
  • Minimize stress
  • Respond to crying quickly (d/t bearing down in chest)
  • HF in infants and small children is usually due to congenital heart defects
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7
Q

What are Congenital Heart Defects ?

A

Are a structural defect of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth

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8
Q

How are congenital heart defects classified ?

A

Classified by direction of blood flow & if cyanotic or not

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9
Q

Are UTI’s common, but a potentially serious infection ?

A

Yes

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10
Q

UTI’s occur most often in who ?

A

Children 2-6 years of age, with a greater risk in females

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11
Q

What are UTI signs and symptoms in children under 2 years of age ?

A 
- In newborns and children < 2 years, the s/s may be nonspecific
     (may even seem to be a GI problem)
- Failure to thrive
- Feeding problems
- Vomiting and Diarrhea
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12
Q

If UTI’s are left untreated, what may happen ?

A

Renal tissue may be destroyed and scarring can occur, and can lead to kidney failure

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13
Q

Why is family teaching regarding UTI’s so important ?

A

B/c there is a tendency for infection to re-occur

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14
Q

What are causes of UTI’s ?

A
  • Renal anomalies
  • Constipation (displaces bladder & potential for obstruction)
  • Bubble baths
  • Poor hygiene
  • Pin worms
  • Sexual activity (including sexual abuse)
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15
Q

Why are girls more prone to UTI’s than boys ?

A

Female anatomy

The female urethra is about 1 1/2 inches long at maturity, but its only 3/4 inches long in young females. it provides a ready pathway for micro-organisms to invade

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16
Q

What are UTI signs and symptoms for children over the age of 2 ?

A

Classic symptoms of UTI are seen in children > 2 years

  • Frequency
  • Dysuria
  • Fever
  • Flank pain
  • Hematuria
  • Foul smelling urine
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17
Q

How are UTI’s diagnosed ?

A
  • Requires a properly collected Urine Specimen

- Most accurate method is catheterization

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18
Q

What is the Tx for UTI’s ?

A
  • Antibiotic therapy: PO or IV
  • Teach prevention
    - proper wiping technique (front to back)
    - No bubble baths
    - Cotton underwear
    - Limited carbonated drinks
    (b/c, decreases acidity of urine & allows more bacteria)
19
Q

What is Hydrocephalus ?

A

Condition where there is a disturbance of the ventricular circulation of CSF.

The CSF builds up and causes increased ICP

20
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Hydrocephalus ?

A
  • Bulging fontanels with head enlargement
  • Dilated scalp veins
  • Depressed or sunken eyes (d/t swollen forehead)
  • Irritability and changes in LOC
  • High-pitched cry *
  • Setting sun sign (whites around iris can be seen)
21
Q

What is the Diagnosis for Hydrocephalus ?

A

Head circumference

always do at well child check-ups until 3 years

22
Q

What is the surgical treatment for Hydrocephalus ?

A

Insertion of a VP shunt (ventriculoperitoneal shunt)

- to drain excess fluid

23
Q

What is the Post-op care of a VP shunt for Hydrocephalus ?

A
  • Measure the head circumference (pre and post-op)
  • Assess for bulging fontanels and widening cranial suture lines
  • Monitor Temperature
  • Supine position
24
Q

What is Hydrocephalus frequently associated with ?

A

Myelomeningocele

25
Q

What is Myelomeningocele ?

A

A type of Spina Bifida

26
Q

When an infant is born with Myelomeningocele what do you want to do ?

A

Protect the sac and do not let it rupture

27
Q

How should a baby with Myelomeningocele be lying ?

A

Prone

28
Q

What should you do while waiting for surgery in someone who has Myelomeningocele (a type of spina bifida) ?

A

Cover the sack with a sterile moistened dressing so it won’t dry out

29
Q

What is Scoliosis ?

A

A musculoskeletal disorder consisting of lateral curvature and rotation of the spine

30
Q

Scoliosis can be __________ or ___________ ?

A

Idiopathic or Congenital

31
Q

What are contributing factors for scoliosis ?

A
  • Heavy backpacks (suitcases, etc)
  • Bags
  • Carrying children on hips
32
Q

What is the Treatment for scoliosis ? (the 3 O’s)

A
  • Observation
  • Orthosis (supports and braces)
  • Operation (which usually is spinal fusion with rods)
    - depends on curve-
33
Q

What is Chicken Pox ?

A

Childhood communicable disease that is rare d/t a vaccine recommended by the CDC

34
Q

Chicken Pox is the same virus that causes what as persons get older ?

A

Shingles

35
Q

What is the primary focus with chicken pox ?

A

Prevent infection of the lesions

36
Q

What home remedies could alleviate the itching associated with chicken pox ?

A

Oatmeal bath & baking soda paste

37
Q

Are chicken pox contagious ?

A

Yes! - Very!

38
Q

What is the virus that causes chicken pox ?

A

Varicella zoster

39
Q

What are the 4 different parenting styles ?

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • Permissive
  • Indifferent
40
Q

_____________ parenting style is defined as: highly controlling, expects to be obeyed, inflexible rules ?

A

Authoritarian

41
Q

_____________ parenting style is defined as: Sets reasonable limits on behavior, encourages growing autonomy of child, open communication ?

A

Authoritative :)

42
Q

_____________ parenting style is defined as: Few or no restraints, unconditional love, much freedom, little guidance, no limit setting ?

A

Permissive

43
Q

_____________ parenting style is defined as: No limit setting, lack affection for the child, focused on own life ?

A

Indifferent

44
Q

Which Parenting style is the good one & the one you always want to remember ?

A

Authoritative ! :)

NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Pediatrics) (13 decks)

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