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CD 3305 (mod 11/12) > Respiratory 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

5 Functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. Gas exchange
  2. Regulation of blood pH
  3. Voice production
  4. Olfaction
  5. Protection of respiratory surfaces
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2
Q

A chronic cough is a symptoms which should initiate seeking medical attention. After how many weeks is a cough chronic? Sub-acute?

A

Acute <3wks
Sub-acute 3-8wks
Chronic >8wks

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3
Q

3 MC causes of an acute cough

A

Viral/Bacterial URTI
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Emboli/Edema

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4
Q

A chronic cough in a smoker is most likely caused by what condition? What are 4 other causes in non-smokers?

A 
Chronic bronchitis
Post-nasal drip
GERD
Asthma
ACE Inhibitors
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5
Q

What are the 3 key organ systems which can contribute to dyspnea?

A

Cardiovascular (heart)
Respiratory
Neuromuscular

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6
Q

DDX acute dyspnea

A

Asthma
Pulmonary infarction
Pulmonary Edema/Emboli
Pneumothorax

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7
Q

DDX Chronic dyspnea

A

CHF
CHronic Bronchitis
COPD

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8
Q

Hemoptysis is expectoration of blood that originates below the ____________

A

Larynx

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9
Q

What is the medical term for chest pain aggravated by respiratory motion?

A

Pleuritic pain

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10
Q

DDX chest pain (5)

A 
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchogenic CA
LV failure/Mitral stenosis
Pulmonary emboli
Pneumonia
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11
Q

In which population is allergic rhinitis a main cause of chronic airway diseases?

A

Children 6-14yo

rare in <6yo, LC in adults

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12
Q

MC cause of cough in adults 40+

A

COPD

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13
Q

What condition is the most likely cause for each of the following percussive sounds of the lung:

  1. Flat (like thigh)
  2. Dull
  3. Resonant
  4. Hyperressonant
  5. Tympanic (like puffed out cheek)
A
  1. Pleural effusion
  2. Lobar pneumonia
  3. Normal lung, or could be bronchitis
  4. Emphysema, pneumothorax
  5. Pneumothorax
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14
Q

Normal lung sounds over the periphery can be described as ___________________ and there (is/is not) a pause between inspiration and expiration.
Normal lung sounds superior to the sternal notch can be described as ___________________ and there (is/is not) a pause between inspiration and expiration.

A

Vesicular (gentle rustling quality in inspiration that fades during expiration); is not
Bronchial (louder, higher pitch, louder on expiration); is

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15
Q

Bronchial sounds in the peripheral fields of the lung suggests which 3 possible conditions?

A

Consolidation:

  1. Pneumonia
  2. Atelectasis
  3. Fluid infiltration
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16
Q

True or false: a wheeze can usually be heard on both expiration and inspiration while crackles are usually on heard on inspiration

A

True

17
Q

What is ronchi?

A

coarse rattling lung sounds caused by sputum in bronchi

18
Q

What is rales/crackles? What is the ddx?

A

Discontinuous, brief crackle sounds due to:

a) airways that open/deform quickly (i.e. lung fibrosis)
b) movement of bubbles in aiway fluid (i.e. pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis)

19
Q

Fine crackles indicate a (dry/wet) cause of lung sounds while coarse crackle indicate a (dry/wet) cause.

A

Dry/wet

20
Q

What are 3 causes of decreased transmitted voice sounds?

A

Asthma
Emphysema
Pleural effusion

21
Q

COPD is the ___ leading cause of death worldwide

A

3rd

22
Q

Why is the incidence of COPD increasing in women?

A

Many women started smoking in the 60s

23
Q

Which 2 markers of lung function, measured by spirometry, are BOTH reduced in COPD?

A

FEV1

FEV1/FVC

24
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis

A

Daily productive cough for 3months or more in at least 2 consecutive years

25
Q

Which spirometry value is decreased in chronic bronchitis?

A

FEV1 (25-75% reduction)

Because air can’t get out due to inflammation of bronchial tree

26
Q

What is a “Blue Bloater”?

A

COPD patient with primarily chronic bronchitis (pursed-lip breathing, barrel chest, cyanosis, accessory respiratory muscle use)

27
Q

What are 2 key markers of disease severity in COPD which should be asked about in the history?

A
  1. Breathlessness when wheezing present

2. Wheezing/whistling without a cold

28
Q

What is the MC primary complaint of someone presenting with COPD?

A

Chronic productive cough (usually not dyspnea)

Will also have fatigue, frequent infections

29
Q

What is a “pink puffer”?

A

Emphysema Dominant COPD

  • Pink in color
  • Air trapping
  • Barrel chest
  • Emaciated appearance

CD 3305 (mod 11/12) (8 decks)

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