Eyes! (+throat) Flashcards
Preseptal cellulitis
Infection of soft tissue anterior to orbital septum, due to trauma or dermal infection
Orbital cellulitis
Inflammation of orbital contents posterior to orbital septum (more common in kids, elderly, immunocomp’d)
- conjunctival injection, proptosis, pain with eye movement all present
- ocular mobility decreased and vision diminished
Dacryocystitis
Acute or chronic infection of the lacrimal sac due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct
Pain, swelling, redness over lacrimal sac at medial canthus, crusting, tearing, fever
Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of lacrimal gland (outer third of upper eyelid)
Allergic conjunctivities
Red eyes (ball and lid) due to seasonal or other allergens
Cold compress and avoiding helps
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
Immune reaction to mucus debris on lenses in contact lens wearers, leading to large papilae on inner eyelid
Looks like pink cottage cheese on inner eyelid
Vernal conjunctivities
COBBLESTONE papillae on inner eyelid
- seasonal
- occurs in kids and lasts for 5-10 years before resolving (ew wtf)
Think Vernon Dudley from harry potter, and they have cobblestone streets in England (idk lol)
Viral conjunctivitis
“Pink eye”: itchy, pain, swelling + serous discharge
-contagious for 12 days
Don’t fart on your pillow, silly
Bacterial conjunctivities
Red eye with “purulent” discharge–pus-y from bacteria
MC organisms: n. Gonorrhea, chlamydia
-in sexually active individuals or neonates (vertical transmission)
Trachoma
chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that typically leads to blindness–leading cause of infectious blindness in the world
Due to chlamydia trachomatis
- *you’ll see Arlt’s line on inner eyelid
- this is safe enough to google, not too disgusting
Scleritis (inflammation of sclera) is associated with what systemic diseases
lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, TB, gout..
Scleritis clinical features (3)
Severe pain
Photophobia
Red eye
If anterior eyeball: pain radiates to face
If posterior eyeball: rapid progressive blindness (due to retinal detachment)
Herpes simplex keratitis
corneal inflammation caused by the herpes simplex virus
Triggered by stress, fever, sun exposure
Acanthamoeba keratitis
Exclusively in contact lens wearers
“-oeba”: water-borne parasite that invades cornea
-pools, lakes, sea water
- google with caution
- cloudy iris and pupil
Anterior uveitis (or Iritis) is associated with which conditions
HLA-B27
- reactive arthritis (“can’t see…”)
- AS
- PsA
- IBD
You’ll see a red ring around the iris
What is the most common bacterial infection of the oropharynx
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)
-the oropharynx “Gabs” a bunch and gets sore
Common pharyngitis viral infections
- EBV 😘
- Coxsackie 🖐👄
- Herpes simplex virus
EBV clinical features
- Tonsilar exudate (cottage cheese-y)
- fever
- fatigue
- lymphadenopathy
- peak incidence: 15-19
If you have pharyngitis, absence of [ ] indicates it’s a bacterial cause
Absence of cough
Leukoplakia
thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
Strong association with tobacco use and alcohol consumption
Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx
Most common malignancy of the larynx
Strong association with smoking, alcohol, and HPV
Hoarseness >2 weeks, persistent throat/ear pain, neck mass, hemoptysis, stridor
CT or MRI for imaging
Biopsy
Tx: radiation therapy, partial or full laryngectomy, chemo
Sinus tachycardia
> 100 bpm
Can occur in normal individuals with exercise, emotions, pregnancy, caffeine***
There’s probably going to be a question like “Tina has a high HR after drinking coffee. What’s the deal?” And the answer is Sinus tachycardia
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
