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Bio111 > Respiration Quiz study > Flashcards

Respiration Quiz study Flashcards

1
Q

When glucose is broken down in a cell, all of the energy it stores is not released simultaneously but is instead released in a stepwise process

A) True
B) False

A

A) True

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2
Q

Which of these lists the inputs (requirements) of glycolysis?

A) 1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 4 ADP and iP

B) pyruvate, 4 ATP, NADH, CO2

C) pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

D) 2 NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2

E) acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

A

A) 1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 4 ADP and iP

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3
Q

Which of these lists the outputs (products) of glycolysis?

A) acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

B) NADH, FADH2, ATP, 2 CO2

C) glucose, ATP, NAD+

D) pyruvate, ATP, NADH, CO2

E) 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2ADP and iP

A

E) 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2ADP and iP

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4
Q

Glycolysis is an anabolic pathway

A) True
B) False

A

B) False

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5
Q

In plant cell Glycolysis ______________

A) never happens because plants use photosynthesis

B) takes place in the mitochondria

C) takes place in the chloroplast

D) takes place in the cytoplasm

A

D) takes place in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

Which of these lists the inputs (requirements) of pyruvate oxidation?

A) acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

B) glucose, ATP, NAD+

C) pyruvate, ATP, NADH, CO2

D) 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 Coenzyme A

E) NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2

A

D) 2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 Coenzyme A

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7
Q

Which of these lists the outputs (products) of the citric acid cycle?

A) 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 OAA

B) pyruvate, ATP, NADH, CO2

C) 2 pyruvate, 6 NADH, ATP

D) acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

E) 1 glucose, ATP, 2 NAD+

A

A) 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 OAA

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8
Q

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of glycolysis?

A) 6
B) 4
C) 1
D) 2
E) 0

A

E) 0

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9
Q

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of citric acid cycle?

A) 0
B) 4
C) 6
D) 2
E) 1

A

C) 6

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10
Q

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of pyruvate oxidation?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 2
D) 6
E) 0

A

C) 2

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11
Q

Which stage(s) of cellular respiration only takes place in the presence of oxygen

A) glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation

B) pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

C) All four stages use O2 as an input

D) oxidative phosphorylation

E) citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

A

B) pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

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12
Q

The four stages of cellular respiration are

A

glucose (stage 1glycoses)- ATP.

pyruvate (stage 2 pyruvate oxidation) CO2. acetyl-CoA.

(Stage 3 Citric acid cycle) CO2, ATP.

(Stage 4 oxidative phosphorylation) NADH, FADH2. ATP

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13
Q

A molecule that is___ loses electrons, and a molecule that is ___ gains electrons.

A) oxidized; reduced

B) negative; positive

C) reduced; oxidized

D) weak; polar

E) None of the other answer options is correct

A

A) oxidized; reduced

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14
Q

which stage of cellular respiration occurs following the production of pyruvate?

A) pyruvate oxidation

B) glycolysis

C) citric acid cycle

D) electron transport

E) oxidative phosphorylation

A

A) pyruvate oxidation

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15
Q

When glucose is broken down in a cell, all of the energy it stores is not released simultaneously but it is instead released in a stepwise process

A) True

B) False

A

A) True

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16
Q

A simplified overall equation for respiration is as follows: C6H12O6+6O2 –> 6CO2+6H2O +energy

In this reaction, we can say that ___ is reduced and __ is oxidized

A) oxygen; glucose

B) water; oxygen

C) water; glucose

D) glucose; carbon dioxide

E) carbon dioxide; water

A

A) oxygen; glucose

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17
Q

Which stage(s) of cellular respiration uses O2 as an electron acceptor to produce water?

A) citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

B) All four stages use O2 as an input

C) oxidative phosphorylation

D) glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation

E) Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

A

C) oxidative phosphorylation

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18
Q

Which stages of cellular respiration produce CO2 as a waste product?

A) pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

B) citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

C) All four stages produce CO2

D) Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

E) glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

A

A) pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

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19
Q

In cellular respiration, glucose is ___ to CO2, and oxygen is ___ to water.

A) oxidized; reduced

B) oxidized; oxidized

C) reduced; oxidized

D) deoxygenated; phosphorylated

E) phosphorylated; deoxygenated

A

A) oxidized; reduced

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20
Q

The _____ forms of the electron carriers NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2 have high potential energy.

A) reduced

B) oxidized

A

A) reduced

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21
Q

During glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to:

A) only coenzyme Q

B) proton pumps and ATP

C) cytochrome b and coenzyme Q

D) electron carriers and ATP

E) ATP and cytochrome b

A

D) electron carriers and ATP

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22
Q

In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in:

A) the cytoplasm

B) the endoplasmic reticulum

C) vacuoles

D) the matrix of the mitochondria

E) the nucleus

A

A) the cytoplasm

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23
Q

The pyruvate oxidation, the electron donor is ___ and the electron acceptors is____.

A) acetyl-CoA; NADH

B) NAD+; NADH

C) NADH; acetyl-CoA

D) pyruvate; NA+

E) NAD+; pyruvate

A

D) pyruvate; NA+

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24
Q

You are trying to find the maximum source of energy for an organism, and you are limited to 0.1 moles of a molecule from a compound. Which compound would you choose to provide 0.1 moles for maximum energy?

A) pyruvate

B) glucose

C) NADH

D) ATP

E) oxygen

A

B) glucose

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25
Q

when carbohydrates are metabolized as cellular fuel, the C-H and C-C binds of the carbohydrate are oxidized to C=O bounds of carbon dioxide. Oxidation is defined as a loss of electrons, but carbon does not become positively charged in the process. why, then is this considered oxidation?

A) The shared electrons in C-O bonds spend less time close to the carbon nucleus than the shared electrons in C-H or C-C bonds

B) C=O bonds in CO2 are double bonds, and C-H are single bonds

C) The phosphate groups of ATPS are ionized, and carbon donate those electrons

D) Electrons in the C=O bonds are higher energy than the electrons in the C-H bonds

A

A) The shared electrons in C-O bonds spend less time close to the carbon nucleus than the shared electrons in C-H or C-C bonds

26
Q

What are the direct sources of electrons for the electron transport chain? select all that apply.

A) ATP

B) FADH2

C) NADH

D) FAD

E) NAD+

A

B) FADH2
C) NADH

27
Q

Which example represents the reduced forms of the two major electron carriers?

A) NAD+ and FAD

B) NADH and FAD

C) NAD+ and FADH2

D) NADH and FADH2

A

D) NADH and FADH2

28
Q

Why do some marathon runners attempt to “carbo load” (that is eat a lot of pasta) before a big race?

A) they will feel full longer.

B) through the process of anabolism, the athlete will break down the carbohydrates into smaller components, including ATP

C) the bonds in carbohydrates have low potential energy and can thus be broken down and readily consumed

D) the bonds in carbohydrates have high potential energy

A

D) the bonds in carbohydrates have high potential energy

29
Q

In aerobic cellular respiration, the approximate yield of ATP molecules from the full oxidation of a molecule of glucose is:

A) 64

B) 32

C) 12

D) 6

E) 2

A

B) 32

30
Q

During which stages of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide released? select all that apply.

A) electron transport chain

B) oxidative phosphorylation

C) glycolysis

D) pyruvate oxidation

E) the citric acid cycle

A

D) pyruvate oxidation

E) the citric acid cycle

31
Q

what is the total yield and net total for both ATP and NADH following glycolysis.

  1. total yield for ATP
  2. Total yield for NADH
    3.Net total for ATP
  3. Net total for NADH

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

F) 6

A
  1. total yield for ATP: 4
  2. Total yield for NADH: 2
    3.Net total for ATP: 2
  3. Net total for NADH: 2
32
Q

tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of glycolysis?

A) 3

B) 4

C) 2

D) 1

E) 0

A

E) 0

33
Q

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of aerobic respiration?

A) 2

B) 6

C) 1

D) 4

E) 3

A

B) 6

34
Q

How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produced ATP?

A) by oxidative phosphorylation

B) by the citric acid cycle

C) by pyruvate oxidation

D) by glycolysis

A

D) by glycolysis

35
Q

A research group had discovered an organism with cells that contain a previously undescribed organelle. Research perform some tests on the isolated organelle to see if it is involved in any major metabolic reactions. to do this they incubate these organelles for a period of time and determine changes in the amount of carious substances in the suspending solution. the results are shown in the table.

glucose: decrease
CO2: No change
O2: No change
ATP: increase
NADH: increase

Based on the analysis, which metabolic process would you conclude could be taking place in this organelle?

A) glycolysis

B) citric acid cycle

C) electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

D) pyruvate oxidation

A

A) glycolysis

35
Q

Order the steps from the answer bank that are involved in the oxidation of pyruvate in eukaryotes.

(listed not in order)

  1. An acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A
  2. pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix
  3. pyruvate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide
  4. Electrons are donated to NAD+, resulting in the formation of NADH
A
  1. pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix
  2. pyruvate is oxidized to form carbon dioxide
  3. Electrons are donated to NAD+, resulting in the formation of NADH
  4. An acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A
36
Q

one of the enzymatic results of the pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration is the reduction of ___ to ____.

A) pyruvate; CO2

B) NADH; NAD+

C) Acetyl-CoA; pyruvate

D) pyruvate; acetyl-CoA

E) NAD+; NADH

A

E) NAD+; NADH

36
Q

In what organelle is pyruvate oxidation carried out in a cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum

B) Golgi apparatus

C) nucleus

D) chloroplasts

E) mitochondria

A

E) mitochondria

37
Q

Of the six carbon in a starting molecule of glucose, at the completion of pyruvate oxidation, ____ carbons are fully oxidized to ___, while ___carbons remains in ___.

A) two; acetyl groups; four; CO2

B) two; CO2; four, 2 acetyl groups

C) three: pyruvate; three; acetyl groups

D) four; acetyl groups; two; CO2

E) four, CO2; two; CoA

A

B) two; CO2; four, 2 acetyl groups

37
Q

The glycolysis stage is responsible for producing most of the ATP during the cellular respiration.

A) True

B) false

A

B) False

38
Q

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are available for further oxidation at the completion of the pyruvate oxidation?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 5

D) 3

E) 4

A

E) 4

38
Q

In the citric acid cycle, after the acetyl‐group (2C) from acetyl‐CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate (4C) to produce citrate (6C), subsequent reactions eventually result in 4C intermediates that are rearranged to regenerate oxaloacetate. What happens to the other two carbons?

They are recycled into pyruvate.
they are rearranged into a new acetyl group
They become ATP
They are released a CO2 byproducts

A

They are released a CO2 byproducts

39
Q

A research group had discovered an organism with cells that contain a previously undescribed organelle. Research perform some tests on the isolated organelle to see if it is involved in any major metabolic reactions. to do this they incubate these organelles for a period of time and determine changes in the amount of carious substances in the suspending solution. the results are shown in the table.

glucose: no change
CO2: increase
O2: No change
ATP: No change
NADH: increase

Based on the analysis, which metabolic process would you conclude could be taking place in this organelle?

A) citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) electron transport chain/ oxidative phosphorylation

D) pyruvate oxidation

A

A) citric acid cycle

40
Q

When you exhale, there is more CO2 than was present in the air that you inhaled. This CO2 comes from reactions in:
glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

A) glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

C) glycolysis

D) pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

A

A) glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

41
Q

which process produces the highest number of reduced electron carriers and this the greatest potential for generating ATP?

A) the citric acid cycle

B) glycolysis

C) pyruvate oxidation

D) Each stage contributes

A

A) the citric acid cycle

42
Q

Once they have processed through the citric acid cycle, the acetyl-CoA molecules from a single glucose molecule produce:

A) 6NADH and 6GTP

B) 2ATP, 6NADH, CO2, and 2FADH2

C) 4CO2, 6 FADH2

D) ^GTP and 6FADH2

E) 6 FADH2, 2ATP, 6CO2

A

B) 2ATP, 6NADH, CO2, and 2FADH2

43
Q

A single molecule of glucose requires ___ “turn(s)” through the citric acid cycle for its chemical energy to completely harvested.

A) 5

B) 2

C) 1

D) 3

E) 4

A

B) 2

44
Q

The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule, ____, is regenerated at the end.

A) acetyl-CoA

B) fructose 6-diphosphate

C) oxaloacetate

D) pyruvate

E) NAD+

A

C) oxaloacetate

45
Q

The citric acid cycle takes place in the:

A) inner mitochondrial membrane

B) cytoplasm

C) outer mitochondrial membrane

D) intermembrane space of mitochondria

E) mitochondrial matrix

A

E) mitochondrial matrix

46
Q

A research group has discovered an organism with cells that contain a previously undescribed organelle. Researchers perform some tests on the isolated organelle to see if it is involved in any major metabolic reactions. To do this, they incubate these organelles for a period of time and determine changes in the amount of various substances in the suspending solution. The results are shown in the table.

Glucose: No change
CO2: increase
O2: no change
ATP: increase
NADH: increase

Based on this analysis, which metabolic process would you conclude could be taking place in this organelle?

A) glycolysis

B) citric acid cycle

C) pyruvate oxidation

D) electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

A

B) citric acid cycle

47
Q

Each round of the citric acid cycle begins when the four‐carbon molecule oxaloacetate is converted to the six‐carbon molecule citrate. As the cycle progresses, two carbons are eliminated to regenerate the oxaloacetate. The added carbon is supplied by _____, and the two eliminated carbons are released as _____ .

A) ATP; acetyl-CoA

B) CO2; acetyl-CoA

C) CO2; NADH

D) Co2; pyruvate

E) acetyl-CoA; CO2

A

E) acetyl-CoA; CO2

48
Q

Which of the answer choices is a net product of the citric acid cycle for each molecule of acetyl-CoA generated by pyruvate oxidation? Select all that apply

A) 3 NADH

B) 1 ATP

C) 2 ATP

D) 2 NAD

E) 2 FADH2

F) 1 FADH2

A

A) 3 NADH

B) 1 ATP

F) 1 FADH2

49
Q

oxidative phosphorylation yields ____ ATP for each molecule of FADH2 that is oxidized, whereas it yields ___ ATP for each molecule of NADH

A) 1.5; 2.5

B) 2.5; 1.5

C) 1; 3

D) 3; 15

E) 3; 1

A

A) 1.5; 2.5

50
Q

The _____ stage of cellular respiration generates the most NADH, which will be used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce _____ (proportion) of the total ATP yield from glucose.

A) pyruvate oxidation; 16/32(1/2)

B) citric acid cycle; 19/32

C) glycolysis; 15/32

D) glycolysis; 8/32

E) citric acid cycle; 15/32

A

E) citric acid cycle; 15/32

51
Q

The immediate source of electrons for the electron transport chain is:

A) pyruvate

B) NADH and FADH2

C) H2O

D) NAD+

E) O2

A

B) NADH and FADH2

52
Q

which statement describes the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain?

A) it contains a greats of kinetic energy

B) it results from differences in the concentration hydroxide ions

C) The concentration is highest in the hydrophobic center of the outer membrane

D) it is an electrochemical gradient

E) the concentration is highest in the hydrophobic center of the inner membrane

A

D) it is an electrochemical gradient

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A

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