Chapter 1 Flashcards
Process of science
A(n) _____ variable is the result that changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the _____ variable.
A: independent; controlled
B: dependent; independent
C: independent; independent
D: dependent; controlled
B: Dependent; independent
A student wants to do an experiment to determine how watering affects plant growth. She plants three plants of the same species and size in identical pots using the same soil and grows them at the same temperature. She waters the first plant once a day, the second plant twice a day, and the third plant three times a day. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable
A: height of the plant at the end of the experiment
B: amount of water the plant receives
C: size of the pot
D: soil and temperature
A: height of the plant at the end of the experiment
A student wants to do an experiment to determine how watering affects plant growth. She plants three plants of the same species and size in identical pots using the same soil and grows them at the same temperature. She waters the first plant once a day, the second plant twice a day, and the third plant three times a day. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?
A: the amount of water the plant receives
B: the height of the plant at the end of the experiment
C: the size of the pot
D: Soil and temperature
A: the amount of water the plant receives
A student wants to do an experiment to determine how watering affects plant growth. She plants three plants of the same species and size in identical pots using the same soil and grows them at the same temperature. She waters the first plant once a day, the second plant twice a day, and the third plant three times a day. In this experiment, what is (are) the controlled variable(s)?
A: amount of water the plant receives
B: Soil and temperature
C: height of the plant at the end of the experiment
D: size of the pot
E: soil, temperature, and size of the pot
E: soil, temperature, and size of the pot
Barrett’s esophagus is a heartburn-related problem that occurs when stomach acid backs up into the throat, causing normal esophageal lining to be replaced by abnormal growth. A recent study reported that burning away abnormal, precancerous cells in the throat may lower the risk of later developing esophageal cancer. One hundred and twenty-seven people suffering from Barrett’s esophagus participated in the study. Of those who had a procedure that uses heat to burn off precancerous spots, only about 1% developed cancer over the next year, whereas, of those who received a ‘fake treatment’ in which no cells were destroyed, 9% went on to develop cancer.
What is the hypothesis is tested by this study?
A: The people treated whose cells were removed with heat
B: The presence of abnormal cells in the stomach lining of people with Barrett’s esophagus leads to cancer.
C: Heart burn leads to cancer.
D: If precancerous cells in the abnormal lining of the esophagus in people with Barrett’s esophagus are removed, then the likelihood of developing cancer will be reduced.
B: The presence of abnormal cells in the stomach lining of people with Barrett’s esophagus leads to cancer.
Barrett’s esophagus is a heartburn-related problem that occurs when stomach acid backs up into the throat, causing normal esophageal lining to be replaced by abnormal growth. A recent study reported that burning away abnormal, precancerous cells in the throat may lower the risk of later developing esophageal cancer. One hundred and twenty-seven people suffering from Barrett’s esophagus participated in the study. Of those who had a procedure that uses heat to burn off precancerous spots, only about 1% developed cancer over the next year, whereas, of those who received a ‘fake treatment’ in which no cells were destroyed, 9% went on to develop cancer.
What is the hypothesis is tested by this study?
A: The people treated whose cells were removed with heat
B: The presence of abnormal cells in the stomach lining of people with Barrett’s esophagus leads to cancer.
C: Heart burn leads to cancer.
D: If precancerous cells in the abnormal lining of the esophagus in people with Barrett’s esophagus are removed, then the likelihood of developing cancer will be reduced.
D: If precancerous cells in the abnormal lining of the esophagus in people with Barrett’s esophagus are removed, then the likelihood of developing cancer will be reduced.
Barrett’s esophagus is a heartburn-related problem that occurs when stomach acid backs up into the throat, causing normal esophageal lining to be replaced by abnormal growth. A recent study reported that burning away abnormal, precancerous cells in the throat may lower the risk of later developing esophageal cancer. One hundred and twenty-seven people suffering from Barrett’s esophagus participated in the study. Of those who had a procedure that uses heat to burn off precancerous spots, only about 1% developed cancer over the next year, whereas, of those who received a ‘fake treatment’ in which no cells were destroyed, 9% went on to develop cancer.
A: The people suffering from heartburn since they controlled whether they got the heart or the ‘fake treatment’
B: The group of doctors who controlled what went on in the study
C: The people treated whose cells were removed with heat
D: The people who had the ‘fake treatment’
D: The people who had the ‘fake treatment’
Barrett’s esophagus is a heartburn-related problem that occurs when stomach acid backs up into the throat, causing normal esophageal lining to be replaced by abnormal growth. A recent study reported that burning away abnormal, precancerous cells in the throat may lower the risk of later developing esophageal cancer. One hundred and twenty-seven people suffering from Barrett’s esophagus participated in the study. Of those who had a procedure that uses heat to burn off precancerous spots, only about 1% developed cancer over the next year, whereas, of those who received a ‘fake treatment’ in which no cells were destroyed, 9% went on to develop cancer.
A: The group of doctors who controlled what went on in the study
B: The people who had the ‘fake treatment’
C: The people suffering from heartburn since they controlled whether they got the heat or the ‘fake treatment’
D: the people treated whose abnormal cells were removed with heat
D: the people treated whose abnormal cells were removed with heat
Some people like spicy, hot food. Some of these people even grow their own hot peppers to make different kinds of sauces. Imagine that you are one of these people and are growing your own pepper plants from seed. In the past, you have noticed that the seeds take a long time to germinate (germination is when little plants, called seedlings, emerge from seeds). You read someplace that some seeds germinate more quickly in warmer climates. So, you decide to see if warmer temperatures will speed up the germination process. To see if there is a relationship between temperature and germination, you place one set of twenty seeds in potting soil on the counter and place a second set of twenty seeds on top of a heating pad on the same counter. You add water and wait for the seeds to germinate.
Which of these is the prediction tested in this experiment?
A: Seeds need warmer temperatures to germinate.
B: If seeds are set on a heating pad, they will germinate more quickly than seeds that are set on the counter alone.
C: Temperature affects the germination rate of pepper seeds.
B: If seeds are set on a heating pad, they will germinate more quickly than seeds that are set on the counter alone.
Some people like spicy, hot food. Some of these people even grow their own hot peppers to make different kinds of sauces. Imagine that you are one of these people and are growing your own pepper plants from seed. In the past, you have noticed that the seeds take a long time to germinate (germination is when little plants, called seedlings, emerge from seeds). You read someplace that some seeds germinate more quickly in warmer climates. So, you decide to see if warmer temperatures will speed up the germination process. To see if there is a relationship between temperature and germination, you place one set of twenty seeds in potting soil on the counter and place a second set of twenty seeds on top of a heating pad on the same counter. You add water and wait for the seeds to germinate.
Which of these is the prediction tested in this experiment?
A: Seeds need warmer temperatures to germinate.
B: If seeds are set on a heating pad, they will germinate more quickly than seeds that are set on the counter alone.
C: Temperature affects the germination rate of pepper seeds.
C: Temperature affects the germination rate of pepper seeds.
Read the scenario: You get in your car to drive to class. You turn the key, and the engine starts making a clicking sound, but does not start (1). You think to yourself, “The battery must be dead” (2). So, you borrow the battery from your neighbor’s car (with permission, of course) and exchange it for the one in your car (3). You figure that if the battery in your car is dead, and you replace it then the car will start (4). You get in the car again, turn the key, and the car starts right up, and you make it to class on time (5).
Notice that there are numbers at the end or parts of some of the sentences in the scenario. Refer to these numbers when answering the question.
Which sentence in the story is an observation?
A: 1
B: 5
C: 3
D: 2
E: 4
A: 1
An explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n):
A: Hypothesis
B: investigation
C: supposition
D: theory
E: prediction
D: theory
Which order accurately reflects the process of science as described in your textbook?
A: observation → question → hypothesis formulation → experiment → prove or disprove hypothesis
B: observation → experiment → hypothesis formulation → support or refute hypothesis
C: observation → question → hypothesis formulation → prediction → experiment → support or refute hypothesis
D: observation → hypothesis formulation → question → experiment → prediction
E: observation → question → experiment → hypothesis formulation → or disprove hypothesis
C: observation → question → hypothesis formulation → prediction → experiment → support or refute hypothesis
Many salmon return to the place where they were born to spawn (reproduce). You hypothesize that they use visual cues to find their way back. To test your hypothesis, you blind salmon and then examine whether or not they are able to return to their birthplace. You find that they are able to find their way back.
The results of this experiment cause you to:
A: Have proven your hypothesis
B: Have rejected your hypothesis
C: developed a theory about the role of vision in salmon navigation
D: can’t determine whether your hypothesis is supported or not
E: supported your hypothesis
B: Have rejected your hypothesis
A student wants to do an experiment to determine how watering affects plant growth. She plants three plants of the same species and size in identical pots using the same soil and grows them at the same temperature. She waters the first plant once a day, the second plant twice a day, and the third plant three times a day. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable?
A: size of the pot
B: Soil and temperature
C: height of the plant at the end of the experiment
D: amount of water the plant receives
C: height of the plant at the end of the experiment
