Chapter 6 Flashcards
Energy metabolism
The process of fixing CO2 into biological molecule of the plant is called__
A: Respiration
B: Photosynthesis
C: Decomposition
B: Photosynthesis
The conversion of light energy into energy stored in biological molecules is 100% efficient
A: True
B: False
B: False
The primary source of C in organic molecule
A: Carbonic acid (H2CO3) in underground water
B: CO2 in the atmosphere
C: C containing minerals in soil
B: CO2 in the atmosphere
Energy from the sunlight is stored by plants in _____
A: Chemical bonds between atoms of carbon
B: CO2 Molecules
C: ATP
D: Carbon atoms
A: Chemical bonds between atoms of carbon
Energy enters the ecosystem as ____ and leaves the ecosystem as ____.
A: Chemical bonds, heat
B: Light, CO2
C: O2, CO2
D: Light, Heat
D: Light, Heat
The source of energy in an ecosystem comes primarily from
A: Glucose
B: Sun
C: ATP
D: Plants
B: Sun
Plants are called ________ because they can use the energy from ________ to fix __________ into carbon containing organic compounds like glucose.
A: Autotrophs, minerals, O2,
B: Autotrophs, sunlight, CO2
C: Autotrophs, sunlight, O2
D: Heterotrophs, sunlight, CO2,
B: Autotrophs, sunlight, CO2
Which of the following is a true statement about how living organisms use energy and chemicals to carry out life’s activities?
A: Both energy and chemicals cycle within an ecosystem.
B: Energy cycles within an ecosystem, but chemicals flow through it
C: Energy flows through an ecosystem, but chemicals cycle within it.
D: Both energy and chemicals flow through an ecosystem.
C: Energy flows through an ecosystem, but chemicals cycle within it.
At the final step the _____ release carbon into simple inorganic molecules like CO2 into atmosphere to be fixed by _____ into C containing organic compounds.
A: Plants, animals
B: Animals, decomposers
C: Plants, bacteria
D: Decomposers, plants
D: Decomposers, plants
____ from atmosphere is fixed into carbon (C) containing biomolecules and stored in the biomass of an organism. After the death of the organism that ____ is released as C02 back into the atmosphere.
A: CO2, C
B: C, CO2
C: C, O2
D: O2, CO2
A: CO2, C
Which of the choices is an example of kinetic energy?
A: a C–H bond in a sugar molecule
B: a photon of light
C: a ball at the top of stairs
D: water behind a dam
E: gasoline in an auto gas tank
B: a photon of light
Which of the choices is an example of potential energy?
A: flow of calcium ions through a membrane channel
B: chemical transport, as in the sodium-potassium pump
C: contraction of a muscle cell
D: an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane
D: an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane
Table sugar can burn in the reaction if ignited:
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
and in the process, some potential energy of the sugar becomes kinetic energy.
Which of the choices represents kinetic energy from this reaction?
A: the products are simpler than the starting molecule
B: the products and their surroundings have more heat
C: some of the sugar becomes energy
B: the products and their surroundings have more heat
Which of the factors accounts for the higher potential energy of C–C and C–H bonds compared to C–O and H–O bonds?
A: The C–C and C–H bonds are strong, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
B: The C–O and H–O bonds are strong, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
C: The C–O and H–O bonds are weak, thus requiring less energy to hold together.
D: The C–C and C–H bonds are weak, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
D: The C–C and C–H bonds are weak, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
Many cellular processes represent work that requires the expenditure of energy. Which of the actions is not a cellular process that requires the cell to expend energy?
A: Diffusion of water into cells.
B: Contraction of muscle cells.
C: Keeping sodium ion concentration lower inside a cell than outside the cell.
D: Synthesis of large biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
A: Diffusion of water into cells.
Classify each item in the answer bank as an example of either anabolism or catabolism.
A: the hydrolysis of glycogen (a glucose polymer) during physical activity
B: the synthesis of insulin (a protein) following the ingestion of a meal
C: the use of fat (triglyceride) stores as a cellular energy source
D: the storage of triglycerides in fat cells due to a high carbohydrate diet
Anabolism
B: the synthesis of insulin (a protein) following the ingestion of a meal
D: the storage of triglycerides in fat cells due to a high carbohydrate diet
Catabolism
C: the use of fat (triglyceride) stores as a cellular energy source
A: the hydrolysis of glycogen (a glucose polymer) during physical activity
Which organisms are considered heterotrophs?
A: dogs only
B: hydrogen bacteria only
C: most bacteria and dogs
D: most bacteria only
E: plants only
C: most bacteria and dogs
Plant cells rely on energy obtained directly from the sun to carry out cellular processes and derive energy from sugars only as a backup on cloudy days.
A: True
B: false
B: false
Imagine that you discover a microbial deep‐sea organism that can derive energy from hydrogen gas (H). In addition, this microbe can synthesize organic compounds from carbon-containing inorganic molecules in the ocean. This microbe is a:
A: photoheterotroph.
B: photoautotroph.
C: chemoautotroph.
D: phototroph.
E: chemoheterotroph.
C: chemoautotroph.
Which of the answer choices is an example of anabolism?
A: breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
B: hydrolysis of starch to form individual glucose molecules
C: combining glucose molecules to form glycogen
D: shivering to generate heat
E: production of amino acids by digesting proteins
C: combining glucose molecules to form glycogen
Enzymes in your gastrointestinal tract digest your lunch. These chemical reactions are categorized as:
A: anabolism.
B: active transport.
C: catabolism.
D: chemiosmosis.
E: diffusion
C: catabolism.
Converting glucose to glycogen:
A: releases energy.
B: requires cellulose.
C: requires energy.
D: requires diffusion of glycogen into a muscle cell.
E: requires sunlight.
C: requires energy.
Building a protein by adding amino acids to the polypeptide chain is an example of:
A: anabolism.
B: catabolism.
C: hydrolysis.
D: metabolism.
E: plasmolysis.
A: anabolism.
