Respiration part 1 Flashcards
volume of air moved into or out of the lunds during a normal breath
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
tidal volume
~500 mL
he normal amount of air you breathe in and out at rest. Think of it like your “autopilot” breathing
the amount of air a person can inhale forcefully after normal inhalation
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
Inspirstory Reserve Volume
~3000mL
(extra volume of air that you breath in after normal inhalation)
amount of air a person can
exhale forcefully after a
normal exhalation
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
Expiratory Reserve Volume
~1100mL
The extra air you can force out after a normal exhale. Picture blowing out birthday candles really hard (
volume of air remaining in
the lungs after maximum
forceful expiration
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
Residual Volume
~1200mL
The air that always stays in your lungs, even after exhaling as much as possible. Your lungs never fully deflate, just like a balloon that’s always a little inflated
what values total up to Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
Vt + IRV
A simple memory trick:
👉 IC = “I Can” take the biggest inhale after exhaling normally.
what makes up vital capacity
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
Vt + IRV + ERV
what values make up total lung capacity
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
all of the listed answers
what makes up functional residual capacity
a. Vt (tidal volume)
b. IRV
c. ERV
d. RV
ERV + RV
Helpful trick: “air left in your lungs after a normal breath out.”
The maximal volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after maximal inspiration
a. vital capacity
b. inspiratory capacity
c. functional residual capacity
d. total lung capacity
vital capacity
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Think: “Vital = Very Large Breath” (since it’s your biggest breath without including the residual air left in your lungs).
Or “forcefully exhaled” = ERV and “maximal inspiration” = TV + IRV
maximal volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled
a. vital capacity
b. inspiratory capacity
c. functional residual capacity
d. total lung capacity
Inspiratory capacity
IC= TV+ IRV
the volume of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration
a. vital capacity
b. inspiratory capacity
c. functional residual capacity
d. total lung capacity
functional residual capacity
“air left in your lungs after a normal breath out.”
FRC = RV + ERV
volume of air in the lungs at the end of a Maximal inspiration
a. vital capacity
b. inspiratory capacity
c. functional residual capacity
d. total lung capacity
Total lung capacity
TLC = FRC + TV + IRV = VC + RV
To make it make sense, its the total amount of air u get in your lungs after maximal inspiration
what cannot be measured with a spirometry test?
residual volume
RV= FRC - ERV
the total amount of air that moves into the respiratory system per minute
a. total/minute ventilation
b. alveolar ventilation
total/minute ventilation
the amount of air moved into the alveoli per minute depending on the anatomical dead space (amount of air lost in the respiratory system)
a. total/minute ventilation
b. alveolar ventilation
alveolar ventilation
list the formula for total/minute ventilation
t/mv= tidal volume x respiratory frequency (bpm)
state the formula for alveolar ventilation
av=(tidal volume-dead space) x respiratory frequency (bpm)
what is the formula for alveolar ventilation
Va=(Vt-VD) x breathing frequency
Vd= dead space volume
Which of the following best explains why deep, slow breathing is more effective in increasing alveolar ventilation compared to rapid, shallow breathing?
A) Deep breathing increases minute ventilation more efficiently by reducing the fraction of air lost to dead space, thereby maximizing alveolar ventilation.
B) Rapid breathing leads to a higher alveolar ventilation because more breaths per minute result in a greater net exchange of air in the alveoli.
C) Deep breathing maintains a constant tidal volume while decreasing dead space ventilation, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of gas exchange.
D) Shallow breathing improves alveolar ventilation because it increases respiratory frequency, allowing more oxygen-rich air to reach the alveoli.
Deep breathing increases minute ventilationventilation more efficiently by reducing the fraction of air lost to dead space, thereby maximizing alveolar ventilation.
What are all components of the respiratory membrane?
- Alveolar fluid (with surfactant)
- Alveolar epithelium
- Basement membrane of the alveolar epithelium
- Interstitial space
- Basement membrane of capillaries
- Capillary ENDOthelium
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air left in the lungs after:
A) A forced expiration.
B) A normal expiration.
C) A maximal inspiration.
D) A tidal breath in.
A normal expiration.Explanation: FRC = ERV + RV; it is the air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhale.
total amount of air blown out in one breath after max inspiration as fast as possible
a. FRC
b. FVC
c. FEV1
d. FEV2
Forced vital capacity
proportion of air blown out in 1 second
FEV1/FVC ratio
condition where FEV 1 significantly reduced and FRC stays the same. FEV1/FVC ratio is reduced
a. obstructive pattern
b. restrictive pattern
obstructive pattern
