renal extras that im struggling on

Question 1

state the anaotmy of the podocytes from the inside to the outside
- podocytes with filtration slits, fenestrated endothelial layer, basement membrane

Answer 1

1. fenestrated endothelial layer
2. basement membrane
3. podocytes with filtration slits

Question 2

from the following options, state the order of intracellular components from highest to lowest

Answer 2

K+>Pi>Mg2+>protein

KPimgp

Question 3

from the following options, state the order of extracellular components from highest to lowest

Answer 3

Na+>Cl->HCO3-

Question 4

what are the differences between the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 4

the cortical nephron sticks out more in the cortex, less loop of henle in the medulla

the juxtamedullary nephron regulates the concentration of urine and the loop of henle is very deep in the medulla

Question 5

match the following capillaries to the following structures that it belongs with in the nephron
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
- glomerular capillaries
location
- inside corupuscle
- loop of henle
- PCT

Answer 5

peritubular- around PCT
vasa recta- parallel to loop of henle
glomerular capillaries- inside the RENAL CORPUSCULE

Question 6

podocytes containe slits that have semiporous membranes and contain the membrane proteins nephrins and podocins, what are the functions of these two membrane proteins?

Answer 6

both proteins determine and regulate what does in the podocytes

Question 7

cells that have contractile functions and are responsible for reducing surface area glomerular capillaries to regulate GFR
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. mesangial cells
c. macula densa

Answer 7

mesangial cells

Question 8

cells on the wall of the distal tubule that sense increased flow and detects salt levels of plasma through the distal tubule
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. mesangial cells
c. macula densa

Answer 8

macula densa

Question 9

a acell that secretes vasoactive compounds and have paracrine affects which change afferent arteriole resistance and signals to JG cells
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. mesangial cells
c. macula densa

Answer 9

macula densa

Question 10

controls the release of renin based on Na+ levels on the body , on the wall of afferent arterioles
a. juxtaglomerular cells
b. mesangial cells
c. macula densa

Answer 10

juxtaglomerular cellsw

Question 11

what is the role of adenosine (paracrine factor) in the macula densa?
a. it helps with the release of renin
b. it causes vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
c. it causes vasconstriction of the afferent arteriole

Answer 11

adenosine causes the vasoconstriction due to too much fluid or salt

Question 12

what happens after the macula densa detects high salt levels?

Answer 12

they release chemical signals (paracrine facotrs, adenosine) tp affect nearby cells , which cause tightening of afferent arteriole

Question 13

what would happen if mean arterial blood pressure levels go beyound and way below the range of 80mmhg to 180mmhg?

Answer 13

autoregulation of the GFR wont work anymore

Question 14

why do we have autoregulation of GFR?

Answer 14

autoregulation helps protect the Glomerullar capillaries from trauma related to hypertension (high bp) or hyotension (low bp)

Question 15

how does tbe body respond to large or sudden changes in blood pressure?

Answer 15

1. myogenic response
2. tubuglomerular feedback : regulated by paracrine factors of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and causes CONSTRICTION of AFFERENT arterioles

Question 16

is autoregulation dependant on the neural and hormonal control?

Answer 16

no for both