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Biology Y10 > respiratory system in humans > Flashcards

respiratory system in humans Flashcards

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1
Q

Trachea

A

Carries air to the bronchi

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2
Q

Bronchus

A

carries air to the lung

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3
Q

Bronchioles

A

small tube to the alveoli

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4
Q

Alveolus

A

where gas exchange takes place

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5
Q

intercoastal muscle

A

contract to move the ribs up and out

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6
Q

ribs, sternum, vertebral, column

A

protection of heart and lungs

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7
Q

Diaphragm

A

flat sheet of muscle between thorax and abdomen

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8
Q

inspiration

A

the ribcage needs to be pulled up and outwards to cause inhalation

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9
Q

expiration

A

the rib cage needs to be pulled down and inwards to cause exhalation

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10
Q

when you breathe in

A
  • diaphragm goes down
    -ribs expand
    -lungs volume gets bigger
    -pressure inside lungs decrease
  • ai moves in
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11
Q

when you breathe out

A

-diaphragm goes up
-ribs move inwards
-lungs volume get smaller
-pressure inside lungs increase
-air moves out

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12
Q

what happens to the intercoastal muscle when you breathe in

A

they contract

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13
Q

what happens to the intercoastal muscle when you breathe out

A

they relax

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14
Q

how do the ribs move when you breathe in

A

they move up

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15
Q

how do the ribs move when you breathe out

A

they move down

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16
Q

what happens do the diaphragm muscles when you breathe in

A

they contract

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17
Q

what happens do the diaphragm muscles when you breathe out

A

they relax

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18
Q

what happens to the diaphragm when you breathe in

A

it lowers

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19
Q

what happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out

A

it is raised

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20
Q

how is the volume of the chest when you breathe in

A

it increases

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21
Q

what happens to the volume of the chest when you breathe out

A

it decreases

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22
Q

what happens to the pressure in the chest when you breathe in

A

it decreases

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23
Q

what happens to the pressure in the chest when you breathe out

A

it increases

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24
Q

air pressure in the lungs (greater/lower) than the atmospheric pressure when you breathe in

A

it lowers

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25
Q

air pressure in the lungs (greater/lower) than the atmospheric pressure when you breathe out

A

it gets greater

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26
Q

air rushes in/out of the lungs when you breathe in

A

it rushes in

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27
Q

air rushes in/out of the lungs when you breathe out

A

it rushes out

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28
Q

Bell jar model (part of body?)

A

it represents the ribcage

29
Q

how is the bell jar the same as its part of the body

A

approximately the same shape

30
Q

how is the bell jar different to its part of the body

A

has no muscles attached to ‘ribs’ so is rigid and cant move up and down , in and out

31
Q

balloon model ( part of real body)

A

lung

32
Q

how is the balloon model similar to the real body part

A

it inflates and deflates

33
Q

how is the balloon model different to the real body part

A

-single bag, not a series of tubes with terminal alveoli
-balloon does not fill the space, or shrink inside of ribcage

34
Q

rubber sheet model (part of real body)

A

diaphragm

35
Q

how is the rubber sheet model similar to the real body part

A

-domed up
- position matches
- position when air is exhaled

36
Q

how is the rubber sheet model different to the real body part

A
  • pulls down further than flat
  • has to be pushed in and out by us
37
Q

tube into balloon (part of real body)

A

trachea

38
Q

how is the tube into the balloon similar to the real part of the body

A

the windpipe is relatively wide tube conducting air into lung

39
Q

how is the tube into the balloon different to the real part of the body

A

is not held open by horseshoe shaped stiffening rings

40
Q

where does Gas exchange occurs

A

it occurs in the alveoli of the lungs

41
Q

what happens during gas exchange

A

oxygen passes into the blood by diffusion and at the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli to be breathed out

42
Q

features that allow gas exchange in the alveolus

A
  • they have moist lining to aid diffusion
    -thin walls for faster diffusion
    -give lungs a really big surface area for quicker diffusion
    -tiny blood vessels called capillaries to pick up oxygen
43
Q

Oxygen inhaled air

A

28%

44
Q

Oxygen exhaled air

A

16%

45
Q

reason for difference in exhaled and inhaled air OXYGEN

A

used in the body during respiration to produce energy

46
Q

carbon dioxide inhaled air

A

0.04%

47
Q

carbon dioxide exhaled air

A

4%

48
Q

reason for difference with exhaled and inhaled air CARBON DIOXIDE

A

produced by the body during respiration

49
Q

Nitrogen inhaled air

A

78%

50
Q

Nitrogen exhaled air

A

78%

51
Q

reason for difference with inhaled and exhaled air NITROGEN

A

not used by the body

52
Q

inhaled air other gases

A

1%

53
Q

exhaled air other gases

A

1%

54
Q

reason for difference exhaled and inhaled air OTHER GASES

A

Not used by the body

55
Q

inhaled air water vapour

A

variable

56
Q

exhaled air water vapour

A

always higher

57
Q

reason for difference between inhaled and exhaled air WATER VAPOUR

A

Moist lining of the alveolus

58
Q

tar

A

a carcinogen (substance that causes cancer)

59
Q

nicotine

A

is addictive and increases cholesterol levels in your body and heart rate and blood pressure

60
Q

carbon monoxide

A

combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells reducing their capacity to carry oxygen

61
Q

Cilia and mucus

A
  • tar paralyses and kills cilia
  • more mucus stays in the lungs
  • more infection
    -coughing causes damage to alveolar walls
62
Q

effects of smoking

A

-cancer
-bronchitis
-emphhysema
-smokers cough

63
Q

why do results on a graph about smoking not prove that smoking effects life expectancy

A

its only a correlation, there could be other factors

64
Q

what does cilia do

A

beats and move mucus up trachea to be swallowed

65
Q

huff and puff apparatus what does the limewater look like on the expired air side

A

it goes milky as there is more carbon dioxide

66
Q

huff and puff apparatus what does the limewater look like on the inspired air side

A

it stays clear

67
Q

what does the mucus do

A

traps any dust and bacteria in the air

68
Q

what side is deoxygenated blood

A

left

69
Q

what side is oxygenated blood

A

right

Biology Y10 (3 decks)

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