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biology y10 > Cells and movement across membranes > Flashcards

Cells and movement across membranes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

factors affecting active transport

A
  • respiration provides the energy required in the form of ATP
  • glucose concentration
  • oxygen
  • temp
  • toxic substances
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2
Q

how does temperature affect active transport

A

the higher the temp the higher amount of kinetic energy in the molecules

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3
Q

glucose concentration affecting active transport

A

respiration needs glucose

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4
Q

oxygen affecting active transport

A

aerobic respiration needs oxygen

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5
Q

temperature affecting active transport

A

affects the enzymes controlling respiration

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6
Q

toxic substances affecting active transport

A

stops respiration

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7
Q

cheek cell experiment - animal cell

A
  • drop of methylene blue on glass slide
  • rub inside of cheek with bud
  • wipe bud in the methylene blue on slide
    -place bud in disinfectant
    -use mounted needle to lower cover slip
  • use a light microscope
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8
Q

how do you calculate maginification

A

eyepiece X objective lens

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9
Q

cell membrane

A

controls substances entering and leaving the cell

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10
Q

what process releases the energy required for active transport

A

respiration

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11
Q

what is the green pigment in chloroplast

A

chlrophyll

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12
Q

where does osmosis occurs

A

across a semi permeable membrane which has tiny holes, these are small enough for water molecules to pass through but larger molecules cant

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13
Q

what is a group of cells that do the same function

A

tissue

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14
Q

what is a group of organs working together to carry out a specific function

A

organ system

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15
Q

what are two chemicals needed for active transport

A
  • ATP
  • Oxygen
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16
Q

what is the name of the non-living semi permeable membrane that is often used in experiments to demonstrate osmosis

A

visking tubing

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17
Q

2 things that can speed up the rate of diffusion

A
  • temperature
  • pressure
  • concentration
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18
Q

methylene blue

A

stains acidic parts of the cell blue
makes the nucleus more obvious
mostly used o prepare slides of animal cells and bacteria

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19
Q

iodine solution

A

makes the nucleus more obvious and stains any starch present. mostly used to stain plant cells

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20
Q

biological staining

A

stains are used to help us see cells in greater detail

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21
Q

structure of the cell membrane

A

there are many pores in the surface of the cell membrane, molecules that are small enough can pass directly through these pores, large molecules are prevented

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22
Q

organ

A

several tissues performing specific functions

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23
Q

how can concentration affect the rate of diffusion

A

the greater the difference in concentration between the two areas the faster the rate diffusion happens

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24
Q

electron microscopes

A

it uses a beam of electrons instead of light
its possible to get magnification up to x 50000000
you can only study dead cells

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25
Q

whats no net movement

A

when there is no change in the cell during osmosis/ so there is equal amounts of water concentration each side

26
Q

why does a root hair cell have a large surface area

A

increased absorbtion

27
Q

mitochondria

A

site of aerobic respiration

28
Q

how can pressure affect the rate of diffusion

A

if there is high pressure, the molecules will quickly move from the area of high pressure to low pressure

29
Q

chloroplast

A

absorb light for photosynthesis

30
Q

nucleus

A

contains chromosomes which carry genetic info and controls the activities of the cell

31
Q

cytoplasm

A

where most chemical reactions take place

32
Q

onion cell experiment ( plant cell)

A

-using foreceps , peel thin layer of epidermis from inside of onion
-lay epidermis on glass slide
-add iodine solution to the onion on slide
- use mounted need to lower coverslip
-use light microscope

33
Q

animal cells concentrated solution

A

water moves out of the cell through the semi permeable membrane, the cell shrivels due to no cell wall

34
Q

what happens when the membrane is boiled

A

it becomes denatured, this means that the pores become larger and both water and solute are able to move both ways

35
Q

sperm cell

A

these carry half the genetic info. they have tails to swim towards the egg cell

36
Q

what is the risk of methylene blue and what control measure do you takw

A

-its harmful and irritant
-the risk is methylene blue can irritate eyes and lungs
- control measure= lowest concentration and eye protection

37
Q

what is the risk of cheek cells

A
  • they are a biohazard
    -small risk of virus transmission
  • control measure= handle samples from own body, hygienically dispose cotton buds in disinfectant
38
Q

how can temp affect the rate of diffusion

A

as the temp increases, the rate of diffusion increases too

39
Q

muscle cell

A

these cells can change their length to help us move

40
Q

when do we see the process of mixing and moving

A

we see this in diffusion
molecules of liquids and gases collide against each other all the time

41
Q

dilute solution

A

has a low solute concentration and therefore a high water concentration

42
Q

palisade cell

A

these cells contain chloroplasts to help the plant make food by photosynthesis

43
Q

red blood cell

A

these cells are adapted to carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them

44
Q

ciliated epithelial cell

A

these cells are found in tubes leading to the lungs and in the oviduct. the hairs move dirt out of the lungs and help to move eggs along the oviduct

45
Q

what is the risk of coverslip/ mounted needles

A
  • they are sharp
    -can cut skin
    -handle them carefully
46
Q

what is the simplest form of living organisms that are made of one cell called

A

unicellular organisms

47
Q

what are organisms called that consist of many cells

A

multi cellular

48
Q

specialised cells

A

cells differentiate to cells with a specific function

49
Q

diffusion

A

molecules diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

50
Q

how does the cell membrane control movement in and out of the cell

A

every substance that enters or leaves a cell must cross the cell membrane. molecules will pass easily through the cell membrane whilst others are unable to pass through

51
Q

vacuole

A

space filled with cell sap ( a dilute solution of sugars and mineral salts )

52
Q

cell wall

A

contains cellulose, it supports the plants structure

53
Q

nerve cell

A

these cells can be very long to carry messages around the body

54
Q

active transport

A

salts or ions are pumped from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration AGAINST THE GRADIENT
this requires energy released by the cell

55
Q

osmosis

A

is the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

56
Q

animal cells dilute solution

A

water moves in to the cell through the semi permeable membrane. the cell swells and may burst because there is no cell wall

57
Q

plant cells concentrated solution

A

water moves out of the cell through the semi permeable membrane. the cell becomes flaccid, doesnt shrivel because of cell wall

58
Q

concentrated solution

A

has a high solute concentration and therefore a low water concentration

59
Q

root hair cell

A

the root hair gives these cells a bigger surface area to take in water from the soil

60
Q

plant cells dilute solution

A

water moves into the cell through the semi permeable membrane, the cell becomes turgid, the cell wall prevents it from bursting

biology y10 (3 decks)

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