Respiration and photosynthesis

Question 1

What are the four stages of respiration

Answer 1

1. Glycolysis
   2 link reaction
2. Krebs cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Explain the stages of glycolysis

Answer 3

Glucose is phosphorylated (hydrolysis of 2 tap molecules) - Glucose phosphate
- this splits into trios phosphate
- Each triose phosphate is oxidised into pyruvate
In this process, NAD is reduced and 2 ATP molecules are formed through substrate level phosphorylation

Question 4

Explain link reaction

Answer 4

Pyruvate enters the matrix and gets decarboxylated and oxidised
so it looses a c and forms reduced NAD and forms acetate which is a 2 carbon compound.

The acetate joins with coenzyme A — acetyl coenzyme A

Question 5

Where does the kreb cycle take place

Answer 5

Matrix

Question 6

Explain the kerb cycle

Answer 6

2c+ 4c — 6C (CICtratte)
This goes to 5c - co2 and reduced NAD
this goes to 4c- co2 and reduced NAD
4C reacts - atp substrate level phosphorlyation
4c gets oxide side again to another 4c - reduced FAD
This 4c reacts again back to start and there is one more reduced NAD.

Question 7

Explain oxidative phosphorolyation in respiartion

Answer 7

Reduced NAD + FAD oxidised and recycled and H atoms split into H+ and E-
Electrons pass thro electron transfer chain and release energy which is used to pump H+ IONS From matrix into inner membrane space
This creates a proton gradient and so H+ diffuse down ATP synthesis and so ADP +pi
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor

Question 8

Respirations of lipids

Answer 8

Hydrolysed to glycerol and fatty acids.
Glycerol is phosphorylated and converted into triode phosphate
Fatty acids broken into 2 carbon fragments which are converted into acetyl coenzyme A