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IMMS > Respiration and energy > Flashcards

Respiration and energy Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes used in the first stage of glycolysis

A 
Hexokinase
glucokinase in liver 
Isomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Aldolase
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2
Q

Enzymes used in the second stage of glycolysis

A 
GL-3-P DEHYDROGENASE
PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE 
PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE
ENOLASE
PYRUVATE KINASE
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3
Q

First 4 steps of glycolysis

A

Glucose to glucose -6-phosphate with hexokinase
Glucose-6-phosphate to fructose 6- phosphate with phopshoglucose isomerase
Fructose -6- phosphate to fructose 1-6 bisphosphate with phosphofructokinase
Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate with aldolase

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4
Q

5 steps in the second stage of glycolysis

A

Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate to 1-3 bisphosphate glycerate with gl-3-p dehydrogenase

1-3 bisphosphate glycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate with phosphoglycerate kinase

3 to 2 phosphoglycerate with phsophoglycerate mutase
2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate with enolase
Phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate with pyruvate kinase

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5
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytosol of cell

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6
Q

4 steps of link reaction

A

Pyruvate transported to mitochondrial matrix with atp
Pyruvate decarboxlyated to acetly and oxidised
Nad is reduced
Coa picks up acetly to make acetyl CoA

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7
Q

enzymes in krebs cycle

A 
citrate synthase
aconitase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha ketagluterate dehydrogenase
succinyl coa synthase
succinate dehygrogenase
fumrate 
malate dehygrogenase
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8
Q

substrates for krebs cycle

mnemonic

A 
citrate 
isocitrate
alpha ketoglutarate
succinyl coa
succinate
fumrate
malate
can i kepe some succinate for my oxaloacetate
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9
Q

steps in krebs cycle

A

acetyl coa and oxaloacetate combine to make citrate with citrate synthase

citrate to isocitrate with aconitase

isocitrate to alpha ketogluterate with isocitrate
dehydrogenase

alpha ketogluterate to succinyl coa with alphaketogluterate dehygrogenase

succinyl coa to succinate succinyl coa synthase

succinate to fumrate with succinate dehrogenase

fumrate to malate with succinate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

products of krebs cycle

A

4atp
6NADH
2 FADH

4CO2

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11
Q

names of the 4 complexes in ETC

A

NADH dehygrogenase complex
succinate dehydrogenase complex
cytochrome reductase
cytochrome oxidase

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12
Q

purpose of ETC

A

O2 as the final electron acceptor

to make atp

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13
Q

role of succinate dehydrogenase complex

A

to convert succinate to fumrate for the krebs cycle

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14
Q

role of cytocgome c oxidase

A

It catalyzes electron transfer from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen,

so oxygen can be the final electron acceptor

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15
Q

rate limiting step of krebs cycle

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to alpha-ketoglutarate, NADH, a proton, and a molecule of carbon dioxid

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16
Q

rate limiting factor in glycolysis

A

pfk1

17
Q

regulation of of hexokinase

A

more (g6p) less hexokinase , less glucose

reversible reaction

18
Q

regulation of pfk1

A

effected by AMP

inhibited by atp- more atp lower pfk

19
Q

2 steps that produce atp in glycolysis

A

1 3 bisphosphoglycerate - 3 phopshoglycerate

phosphoenol pyruvate —-> pyruvate

20
Q

3 rate limiting steps in krebs cycle

A

citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase

21
Q

how is citrate synthase a RLS

A

allosteric from atp, nadh

competitive by succinyl coa

22
Q

how is a keto dehydrogenase a RLS

A

conc of products depends on rate

23
Q

how is isocitrate dehydrogenase a RLS

A

HIGHER ox phos= faster

24
Q

b oxidation of FA

A 
FA to acyl adenylate 
to acyl coa with acyl coa synthase
carnitine shuttle RLS into mitochondrial matrix 
hydrolysis reduction reactions
turned into ACETYL COa 
Excess to form ketones
25
Q

body ph

A

7.35-7.45

26
Q

4 function of hb

A

o2 transport
co2 transport to lungs carbaminohaemoglobin
mops up excess h+ as a buffer
Nitric oxide transport for vasodilation

27
Q

how to tell if something is metabolic

A

both hco3- and ph will be doing the same

ie ph and hc03- will increase in metabolic alkalosis and the opposite for acidosis

28
Q

what is the anion gap

A

anions - cations

IMMS (6 decks)

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