molecular binding blocks and dna

Question 1

4 different types of proteins

Answer 1

structural
globular
plasma membrane proteins
regulatory proteins

Question 2

example of structural protein

Answer 2

collagen- formed from 3 polypeptide strands

Question 3

glycogen

Answer 3

alpha glucose monomer
high level of branching
storage moelcules

Question 4

structure of cellulose

Answer 4

beta 1, 4 bonds
structure in plants
forms , long parallel chains

Question 5

structure of starch

Answer 5

amylose- alpha 1, 4

amylopectin- same as glycogen but with less regular branching

Question 6

Purpose of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cell membrane

Answer 6

For cell signalling

Question 7

3 types of cell junctions

Answer 7

Tight junctions- prevent diffusion of molecules of adjacent cells

Desmosomes - mechanical atability and tensile strenght

Gap junctions - electrical junctions permitting thr selective transfer of small molecules

Question 8

Method of endocytosis

Answer 8

Cell membrane fuses around the substance to be moved into the cell
Forms a vacuole
Molecule released into cytoplasm by fusion of membrane

Question 9

Process of exocytosis

Answer 9

Membrane of vesicle fuses cell surface membrane and releases contents into ECF

Question 10

Process of primary active transport

Answer 10

Atpase binds to molecule
Atp phosphorylates , this releases energy and induces a conformational change in protein
ions are released into the extracellular space
Atpase reverts to original confirmation

Question 11

Membrane proteins and their roles

Answer 11

Transporters - transport small molecules sich as ions across the membrane
Anchors- lipid anchored cell membrane , anchor the protein to cell membrane
Receptors- cell signalling by binding to extracellular molecules
Enzymes- such as maltase

Question 12

Steps in dna replication

Answer 12

Topoisomerase unwinds the supercoil and breaks the phosphodiester bonds
Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
Dna polymerase reads strands 3 to 5 and synthesises 5 to 3
Leading and lagging strand leaves a gap filled by dna ligase

Question 13

Transcription and translation

Answer 13

Transcription in nucleus , with topisomerase and rna polymerasw mrna moves out of nuclear pores pre mrna to mrna with splicing

Translation trna carries a specific anti codon to the corresponding codon on mrna
Produces a chain fof amino acids until stop codon is reached

Question 14

Steps in beta oxidation

Answer 14

Lipase breaks down a triglyceride into fa and glycerol

Free fa enters cyroplasm w fa transporter

With acyl coA synthase fa is converted to acyl coa with the release of amp and pp from atp

Carnitine palymoyl transferase attaches carnitine to acyl coa to make acyl carnitine

Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase acyl coa into matrix of mitochondria

Carnitie palmitoyl transferase 2 acyl carnitine into acyl coa and carnite into the inner mitochondrial matrix.

Question 15

what is a nucleoside

Answer 15

pentose sugar and base no phosphate

Question 16

start codon sequence

Answer 16

AUG methynine