Respiration and Circulation Ch. 2 Flashcards
Where in the body does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place?
alveoli in the lungs
Which body systems are most sensitive to oxygen deprivation?
the brain and central nervous system
What is the primary purpose of the cardiovascular system?
pumping blood, transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissue, removing waste products
Where is the heart located
the Mediastinum, thoracic cavity between the lungs
What is the tissue surrounding the heart, and what is its purpose?
Pericardium - reduces friction between the heart and surrounding structures
What is the normal resting heart rate?
60-100 bpm
Describe the two heart pump systems and their functions
Right heart/pulmonary circuit receives deoxygenated blood from the venous system and pumps it to the pulmonary circuit to exchange gases
left heart/System circuit distributes the oxygenated blood to systemic vessels and capillaries
How do most veins direct blood flow and why is it important?
One way valves
prevents flow in the wrong direction as well as pooling due to gravity
Where does gas exchange take place in utero?
In the placenta, drawing oxygen from the mother’s blood
Which two fetal circulation portals allow blood to bypass the lungs?
ductus arterioles and formen ovale
What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?
allows blood to flow from the right ventricle directly to the aorta
What is the purpose of the foramen ovale?
Allows blood to shunt from the right atrium to the left
Which part of the body make up the respiratory system, and what are some support structures?
Upper airways: mouth, nose, pharynx
trachea, and lungs
supporting: chest wall (ribs/intercostal muscles) and disaphragm
What is the epiglottis?
flexible flap of tissue that protects the trachea from food during swallowing
