Basic Sciences Ch. 1 Flashcards
How long can the brain go without oxygen without beginning to die?
4-6 minutes
What is the goal of CPR?
to provide blood flow to the heart and brain, and keep oxygenated blood circulating
Name four keys steps in CPR
- check for responsiveness, and activate emergency medical services (EMS)
- check for pulse and normal breathing (10 sec)
- If not breathing normally and no definite pulse is felt, provide compressions
- Open the airway and provide rescue breaths
What does CAB stand for?
Circulation
Airway
Breathing
How much oxygen does exhaled air used in rescue breathing contain?
Approx 16%
How many nitroglycerine be administered, and what is important about handling it?
Pills or sublingual spray. Always wear gloves, it can be absorbed through the skin
How frequently can nitroglycerine be administered?
Every 5 minutes for a maximum of three doses
Name some possible symptoms of a heart attack
- heavy pressure of squeezing pain in the center of the chest or back
- nausea and vomiting
- indigestion, heartburn
- shoulder, arm neck or jaw pain
- sense of impending doom
- shortness of breath
- sweating
How is the term “massive heart attack” often used?
to describe a sudden cardiac arrest
While rare, when may a pregnant woman be more likely to experience cardiac arrest?
in the second half of pregnancy
How do you perform effective compressions on a pregnant woman?
manually displace the uterus to the mother’s left to reduce its direct compression on large vessels returning to the heart during compressions. A second rescuer is often requried
What is the progression of an opioid overdose?
central nervous system (CNS) depression - respiratory arrest - cardiac arrest
How is Naloxone helping in an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency?
It interferes with the action of opioids in the brain, spinal cord and gastrointestinal system
Are there any harmful side effects of Naloxone, with or without withe presence of opioid intoxication?
No
How may Naloxone be administered?
auto-injector or inhaled nasal mist
How often may Naloxone be administered?
every four minutes
What is the standard dose for auto-injected Naloxone?
0.4 mg
Is drowning always fatal?
No
What is the CPR protocol for a drowning victim?
ABC
Airway - Breathing - Circulation
Is compression-only CPR sufficient in a drawing situation?
No
What are some symptoms of nonfatal drowning?
- difficulty breathing
- bluish lip discoloration
- abdominal distentions
- chest pain
- confusion
- coughing up pink frothy sputum
- irritability
- unconsciousness
- anxiety
- feeling cold
What are the six steps in the chain of survival?
Activation of Emergency Response
High-Quality CPR
Defibrillation
Advanced Resuscitation
Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
Recovery
What is the first step in an emergency
Recognizing that an emergency exists
What are the two scenarios in whichh you should initiate CPR before activating EMS, and why?
drowning victim or child/infant injured or ill person
The cause of cardiac is arrest is more likely respiratory than cardiac in origin, and they may spontaneously recover if CPR is performed immediately
