Basic Sciences Ch. 1

Question 1

How long can the brain go without oxygen without beginning to die?

Answer 1

4-6 minutes

Question 2

What is the goal of CPR?

Answer 2

to provide blood flow to the heart and brain, and keep oxygenated blood circulating

Question 3

Name four keys steps in CPR

Answer 3

1. check for responsiveness, and activate emergency medical services (EMS)
2. check for pulse and normal breathing (10 sec)
3. If not breathing normally and no definite pulse is felt, provide compressions
4. Open the airway and provide rescue breaths

Question 4

What does CAB stand for?

Answer 4

Circulation
Airway
Breathing

Question 5

How much oxygen does exhaled air used in rescue breathing contain?

Answer 5

Approx 16%

Question 6

How many nitroglycerine be administered, and what is important about handling it?

Answer 6

Pills or sublingual spray. Always wear gloves, it can be absorbed through the skin

Question 7

How frequently can nitroglycerine be administered?

Answer 7

Every 5 minutes for a maximum of three doses

Question 8

Name some possible symptoms of a heart attack

Answer 8

• heavy pressure of squeezing pain in the center of the chest or back
• nausea and vomiting
• indigestion, heartburn
• shoulder, arm neck or jaw pain
• sense of impending doom
• shortness of breath
• sweating

Question 9

How is the term “massive heart attack” often used?

Answer 9

to describe a sudden cardiac arrest

Question 10

While rare, when may a pregnant woman be more likely to experience cardiac arrest?

Answer 10

in the second half of pregnancy

Question 11

How do you perform effective compressions on a pregnant woman?

Answer 11

manually displace the uterus to the mother’s left to reduce its direct compression on large vessels returning to the heart during compressions. A second rescuer is often requried

Question 12

What is the progression of an opioid overdose?

Answer 12

central nervous system (CNS) depression - respiratory arrest - cardiac arrest

Question 13

How is Naloxone helping in an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency?

Answer 13

It interferes with the action of opioids in the brain, spinal cord and gastrointestinal system

Question 14

Are there any harmful side effects of Naloxone, with or without withe presence of opioid intoxication?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

How may Naloxone be administered?

Answer 15

auto-injector or inhaled nasal mist

Question 16

How often may Naloxone be administered?

Answer 16

every four minutes

Question 17

What is the standard dose for auto-injected Naloxone?

Answer 17

0.4 mg

Question 18

Is drowning always fatal?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What is the CPR protocol for a drowning victim?

Answer 19

ABC
Airway - Breathing - Circulation

Question 20

Is compression-only CPR sufficient in a drawing situation?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What are some symptoms of nonfatal drowning?

Answer 21

• difficulty breathing
• bluish lip discoloration
• abdominal distentions
• chest pain
• confusion
• coughing up pink frothy sputum
• irritability
• unconsciousness
• anxiety
• feeling cold

Question 22

What are the six steps in the chain of survival?

Answer 22

Activation of Emergency Response

High-Quality CPR

Defibrillation

Advanced Resuscitation

Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

Recovery

Question 23

What is the first step in an emergency

Answer 23

Recognizing that an emergency exists

Question 24

What are the two scenarios in whichh you should initiate CPR before activating EMS, and why?

Answer 24

drowning victim or child/infant injured or ill person

The cause of cardiac is arrest is more likely respiratory than cardiac in origin, and they may spontaneously recover if CPR is performed immediately

Question 25

If alone, how long should you provide CPR on a child or drowning victim before activating EMS?

Answer 25

two minutes or 5 cycles of CPR

Question 26

What information should be provided to EMS?

Answer 26

• the caller’s name
• exact location
• callback number
• number and condition of injured person(s)
• what happened
• care provided

Question 27

How should after recognizing cardiac arrest should CPR be initiated?

Answer 27

within 10 second

Question 28

What is the most important intervention in the case of an unstable cardiac rhythm?

Answer 28

Defibrillation

Question 29

What is the purpose of advance cardiac life support

Answer 29

Stabilizing the person and making them ready for hospital transport

Question 30

What are three common reasons for hesitation in an emergency situation?

Answer 30

fear of doing something wrong
fear of being used
fear of infection

Question 31

What will happen if a person in cardiac arrest does not receive CPR?

Answer 31

they will die