Respiration And Circulation

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

A process that occurs in the cells. The cells use the food and oxygen brought to them in the blood to produce the energy our bodies need to live and grow.

Question 2

Gaseous exchange

Answer 2

The diffusion of 02 from the alveoli into the capillary and CO2 from the capillary into the alveoli.

Question 3

Gaseous exchange at the alveoli

Answer 3

CO2 diffuses from the capillary to the alveoli from a high concentration to a low concentration (down the concentration gradient. O2 diffuses from the alveoli to the capillary again down the concentration gradient

Question 4

Gaseous exchange at the muscles

Answer 4

02 diffuses into the muscle cell from the capillary from high to low concentration. CO2 diffuses out of the muscle cell to the capillary from high to low concentration.

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

Microscopic hair like projections that help to sweep away fluids and particles

Question 6

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 6

A chronic and debilitating disease and is the name for a collection of diseases such as emphysema

Question 7

Impacts of smoking

Answer 7

• Swelling and narrowing of airways
• Damage to cilia which helps move mucus out of airways
• Damage to alveoli - thin walls breakdown causing larger than normal air spaces
• Less O2 carrying capacity of red blood cells

Question 8

Impacts of smoking lead to…

Answer 8

• build of mucus in airways (smokers cough)
• Reduced efficiency of gaseous exchange which may lead to COPD
• CO2 binds more readily to haemoglobin leading to increased breathlessness
• Less efficient aerobic energy production therefore poorer aerobic performances in sport