Respiration Flashcards
Aerobic respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
36-38 ATP
20 chemical reactions, 4 phases
Red blood cells
No organelles
Can’t respire aerobically
Anaerobic respiration advantages
No need for mitochondria or oxygen
Facultative/ obligate anaerobes
Prokaryotic
Rely on anaerobic resp.
Why is there a rise in temp.?
Energy generated lost as heat
Anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose -> lactic acid
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
Anaerobic respiration in fungi
Glucose -> ethanol + CO2
C6H12O6 -> C2H5OH + CO2
Anaerobic respiration aka
Fermentation
ATP
V soluble but doesn’t diffuse
NAD
A coenzyme
A hydrogen carrier
Glycolysis intro
Splitting glucose (occurs in cytoplasm)
Necessary because mitochondria have channel proteins for pyruvate and not glucose
Has to make glucose reactive, to overcome Ea
Glycolysis details
- phosphorylation -> glucose-6-phosphate (traps inside cell)
- isomérisation (isomerise) -> fructose-6-phosphate
- phosphorylation (phosphofructokinase) -> fructose-1,6-diphosphate
- splits into 2x triose phosphate
- TP oxidised -> à series of intermediates -> pyruvate
- provides energy for substrate-level phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
Uses ATP
Glycolysis net products
2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2NADH2
Link reaction
- pyruvate diffuses/actively transported into the mitochondrial fluid matrix - needs a carrier (ATP)
- 2x pyruvate decarboxylated -> 2x acetyl
- acetyl associates with coenzyme A
- pyruvate is oxidised, NAD is reduced