Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy form our food, and converting it into energy we can use in our body
What is respiration controlled by?
Enzymes
What are the 2 types of respiration?
- Aerobic respiration
2. Fermentation
What gas must be present for aerobic respiration to take place, but not fermentation?
Oxygen
What is ATP composed of?
An adenosine molecule and 3 inorganic phosphate molecules (Pi)
What energy is in our food?
Chemical energy
How is ATP formed?
When ADP joins together with a phosphate molecule, using energy from our food?
What is released when ATP is broken down?
Energy (to use around the body), ADP and 1 phosphate molecule
Where is energy stored in ATP?
Between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate molecule
Name 4 cellular activities that use ATP
- Muscle cell contraction
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
- Transmission of nerve impulses
What is glycolysis?
The first stage in both aerobic respiration and fermentation, where 1 glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules, joining 2 ATP molecules in the process
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No
Where does the 2nd stage of aerobic respiration take place in animal cells?
The mitochondria
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration in animal cells?
Water and carbon dioxide
What is pyruvate converted into in animal cells during fermentation?
Lactate
What happens to lactate when oxygen becomes available?
It is converted back to pyruvate, and aerobic respiration takes place?
What are the waste products from fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What happens to the yeast and carbon dioxide?
They are released from the cell, making it impossible to convert back to pyruvate when oxygen becomes available
What are the factors affecting respiration?
- Temperature
2. Oxygen concentration
