respiration Flashcards
what are the 4 needs for respiration?
active transport
endo/exocytosis
DNA replication
cell division
what are the 5 structural components of a mitochondrion?
inner and outer mitochondrial membranes cristae matrix mitochondrial DNA.
describe the process of glycolysis
phosphorylation of glucose 6C to glucose phosphate 6C (ATP-ADP+Pi)
to hexose bisphosphate (ATP-ADP+Pi)
splitting of hexose bisphosphate 6C
into two triose phosphate molecules 3C
oxidation to 2x pyruvate 3C (2NAD-2rNAD) (4ADP+4Pi-4ATP)
describe the link reaction
decarboxylaton of pyruvate and the reducton of NAD to NADH (producing 2H and e-) forms Acetyl CoA
where does glycolysis occur? Is it anaerobic or aerobic respiration?
cell cytoplasm
anaerobic respiration
where does the link reaction occur?
mitochondrial matrix
describe the process of the krebs cycle
the importance of decarboxylaton, dehydrogenaton, the reducton of NAD and FAD, and substrate level phosphorylaton
acetyl group from acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate makes citrate 6C
(lose CO2+ rNAD)
5C compound
(lose CO2+rNAD)
4C compound
(form ATP+rNAD+rFAD)-substrate level phosphorylation
oxaloacetate
what name do we give to loss of CO2
and loss of hydrogen, forming rNAD?
decarboxylation
dehydrogenation
what are the 3 coenzyme in respiraTION?
COENZYME A
FAD
NAD
where does the krebs cycle take place?
mitochondrial matrix
describe the process of oxidative phsophorylation?
rNAD from krebs releases hydrogen and electrons
electrons go through electron transport chain
producing small amount of energy to pump H+ across mem into intermem space
H+ moves thru atp synthase which converts ADP + Pi into ATP
Describe the fate of transport chain electrons and protons
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor and accepts 2 electrons and 4 protons/hydrogens forming one molecule of water
2e- + 4H+ + O2 -> H2O
List all processes that use NAD in respiration
glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, aerobic and anaerobic respiration
list the location of all processes involved in respiration
glycolysis-cell cytoplasm
link reaction - mitochondrial matrix
krebs cycle-matrix
oxidative phosphorylation - inner miochondrial membrane
define chemiosmosis
flowof protons down conc rad across mem through channel associated with ATP synthase forming atp
WHAT HAPPENS if there is no oxygen to respiration?
o2 cant act as final e accep[tor
es build up in etc so no energy made for movement of h+ across mem
h+ conc inc in matrix and decreses gradient
no oxidative phos
rNAD and rFAD cant unload h+ or be reoxidised
krebs + link reacction stop
describe the process of anaerobic respiration in mammels
lactate fermentaion pathway
rNAD oxidised producing 2H
converts pyruvate to lactate using lactate dehydrogenase
describe the process of anaerobic resp in yeast
ethanol fermentaTION pathway
pyruvate to ethanol using poyruvate decarboxylase
ethanol to ethanal using ethanol dehydrogenase andrNAD being oxidised releasing 2H
what are the RQ values of glucose fatty acids and amino acids?
glucose=1 (C02 produced is same as O2 consumed hence 1)
fatty acids=0.7
amino acids=0.8
how do u calculate RQ?
CO2 produed/O2 consumed
