5.4 Hormonal communication Flashcards
What are the two types of hormone?
Steroid
Peptide
Which type of hormone is lipid soluble, so can diffuse through membrane and bind to receptor in cytoplasm?
Steroid
Which type of hormone is not lipid soluble so binds to receptors on cell membrane of target cell?
Peptide
What type of gland is the adrenal gland?
Endocrine
What does the adrenal medulla secrete? (2)
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Which hormones bind to receptor on chromosomal material to cause protein synthesis?
Steroid
What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex? (3)
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Cortisol
In the islet of langerhans, (a) what are the two types of cells, (b) what do they secrete (c) and why??
Alpha and beta cells
Alpha secrete glucagon to increase blood glucose conc.
Beta secrete insulin to decrease blood glucose conc.
What does insulin to to blood glucose concentration?
It lowers it
Why is an achinus of the pancreas exocrine?
Because it secretes enzymes into an intralobular duct
Name one advantage of treating type 1 diabetes with stem cells in stead of insulin
Injection free
What are the effects of adrenaline on the body? (3)
Pupils dilate Increase heart rate Stimulate glycogen to glucose Inhibit digestion Vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
Name the 4 things insulin does to lower blood glucose concentration (4).
More glucose transporter proteins inserted into cell surface membrane of liver cells to increase glucose uptake
Conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis)
Conversion of glucose to fats
Increased use of glucose in respiration
Name 3 things glucagon does to increase blood glucose concentration (3)
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose (glycogeneolysis)
Conversion of fats and amino acids to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Increased use of fatty acids in respiration rather than glucose
What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune disease attack B cells in islets of langerhams in pancreas so they’re unable to release insulin
What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?
High sugar diet causes resistance of target cells to insulin
What hormones does the zona glomerulosa secrete?
Mineralocorticoids
What hormones does the zona fasiculata secrete?
Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol
What hormones does the zona reticularis secrete?
Androgens
Describe the action of insulin on liver cells. (4)
Insulin binds to g protein coupled receptor on membrane
Activates enzyme tyrosine kinase associated with inside receptor
Causes phosphorylation of inactive enzymes inside
Cascade of enzyme controlled reactions
What are the 5 steps to spearmans rank?
Hypothesis 2 sets of ranks Work out d and d squared Sub into formula Critical values
What is an endocrine gland?
Hormones released directly into blood
What is endocrine gland
Hormones into ducts
