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Responding to Symptoms (OTC) > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the diagnostics for a common cold?

A 
Runny nose, sore throat, eyes
may water.
Sometimes fever in children,
but not very common.
Sneezing, congestion, cough.
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2
Q

What is the treatment for a common cold?

A

Paracetamol,
phenylephedrine, pseudoephedrine, xylometazoline, pholcodine, guaifenesin, Vicks/Olbas Oil (from 3 months), tixylix if under 6, saline nasal drops from birth.

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3
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for a common cold?

A

Will get better within 4-10 days.
Drink 1.5-2L of water a day.
Plenty of bed rest.
Hot baths can stop congestion.

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4
Q

When should a common cold be referred?

A

Influenza diagnosed
(rapid onset, shivering,
headache, fever always, not many upper-respiratory tract symptoms like sneezing).

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5
Q

What may a common cold be an exacerbation of?

A

May be due to an
exacerbation of COPD
or asthma - check adherence.

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6
Q

What are the diagnostics for a sore throat?

A 
Swollen glands with discharge
indicative of glandular fever.
White glands, some difficulty
swallowing indicative of
streptococcal A infection.
May be slightly inflamed with
some dysphagia.
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7
Q

What is the treatment for sore throats?

A

Ultra Chloraseptic.
Tyrozets.
Difflam spray/oral rinse.

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8
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for sore throats?

A

Avoid hot drinks when using an
anaesthetic because it could burn
the mouth.

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9
Q

When should a sore throat be referred?

A

Glandular fever or streptococcal A infection suspected.

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10
Q

What are the diagnostics for allergic rhinitis?

A

Teary eyes which become very
itchy (scratch-itch-stratch issue),
runny nose, sneezing.

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11
Q

What is the treatment for allergic rhinitis?

A

Chlorphenamine, loratadine,

cetirizine, acrivastine, sodium cromoglycate eye drops, beclometasone nasal spray.

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12
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for allergic rhinitis?

A 
Avoid trigger (pollen for example).
Do not go outside between 5-7pm
as this is when the pollen count is
highest.
Wear sunglasses outside.
In the future, start taking the
anti-histamine before symptoms
start since it builds up some
extra protection.
Vacuum regularly.
Keep windows of house and car(s) shut.
Wash and clean hair immediately after having gone out.
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13
Q

Which antihistamines are considered drowsy?

A

Chlorphenamine, hydroxyzine, promethazine.

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14
Q

Which antihistamines are considered non-drowsy?

A

Cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine.

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15
Q

When should allergic rhinitis be referred?

A

Anti-histamines have not worked and so fexofenadine or desloratadine should be prescribed.

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16
Q

What is the concern with nighttime coughs?

A

They may be indicative of asthma.

17
Q

For how long should intranasal decongestants be used in adults?

A

One week.

18
Q

Are oral decongestants typically recommended for sinusitis?

A

No.

19
Q

How does a flu infection usually start?

A

Infection with the influenza virus usually starts abruptly with sweats and chills,
muscular aches and pains in the limbs, dry sore throat, cough, and high temperature.

20
Q

What symptoms may provide a warning that pneumonia is developing following a flu infection?

A

Warning
that pneumonia complications are developing may be given by a severe or
productive cough, persisting high fever, pleuritic-type chest pain or delirium.

21
Q

Should patients with a history of COPD be referred if they develop flu symptoms?

A

Yes.

22
Q

When dealing with a patient with a cold or flu, when would referral be appropriate?

A 
Earache not settling with an analgesic.
In the very young.
In the frail and old.
In those with heart or lung disease, for example, COPD, kidney disease, diabetes,
compromised immune system.
With persisting fever and productive cough.
With delirium.
With pleuritic-type chest pain.
Asthma.
23
Q

Describe pleuritic-type chest pain.

A

Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling.

24
Q

What is the treatment timescale for colds and flu? (How long should one wait before seeking further medical advice?)

A

Once the pharmacist has recommended treatment, patients should be advised
to see their nurse or doctor in several weeks if the respiratory infection has not improved or earlier if there is a marked
deterioration in symptoms.

25
Q

Which cold and flu remedies should not be sold for their use in children under 6 years old?

A

Antitussives: Dextromethorphan and pholcodine
Expectorants: Guaifenesin and ipecacuanha
Nasal decongestants: Ephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine
and xylometazoline
Antihistamines: Brompheniramine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine,
doxylamine, promethazine and triprolidine

26
Q

In which patient groups should sympathomimetics be used in caution?

A

They should be used with caution in people with diabetes, those with heart disease
or hypertension and those with hyperthyroidism.

27
Q

Oral and nasal sympathomimetics should be avoided in patients who are taking or have recently stopped taking which class of drugs?

A

MAOis.

28
Q

For how long can a cough persist after a bad cold?

A

3 weeks.

29
Q

How long should a cough persist for before one should seek further medical advice?

A

2-3 weeks with no signs of improvement. Accompanied by tiredness, malaise, or fever.

30
Q

What colour sputum is common in asthma?

A

Green.

31
Q

What colour is uninfected sputum?

A

Non-coloured (clear or whitish).

32
Q

What colour of sputum is a cause for a referral?

A

Red (blood in sputum).

33
Q

Is wheeziness a cause for a referral?

A

Yes, unless the patient is asthmatic and knows how to effectively manage this symptom when suffering from a cough.

34
Q

How can one identify croup in a child?

A

The cough has a harsh barking quality. It develops
1 day or so after the onset of cold-like symptoms. It is often associated with
difficulty in breathing and an inspiratory stridor (noise in throat on breathing
in).

35
Q

What symptoms/scenarios related to a cough would be conditions for a referral?

A

Wheezing, chest pains, shortness of breath, history of heart disease, failure of appropriate OTC remedies.

36
Q

How long after a pharmacist has recommended treatment should a patient seek further medical advice?

A

After 2-3 weeks if there is no improvement.

37
Q

If recommending pholcodine of codeine, what should a patient be made aware of?

A

Drowsiness.

38
Q

How long should hoarseness of voice persist for before referral is necessary?

A

3 weeks.

39
Q

What should one do if they suspect an oral thrush infection?

A

A referral is advised if thrush is suspected and the throat is
sore and painful.

Responding to Symptoms (OTC) (9 decks)

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