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Responding to Symptoms (OTC) > Eyes, Ears, and Mouth > Flashcards

Eyes, Ears, and Mouth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic for dry eyes?

A

Eyes stick together at night.
Potential photophobia (sensitivity
to light).
Potential mucus discharge.

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2
Q

What is the treatment for dry eyes?

A

Lacri-lube, hypromellose.

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3
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for dry eyes?

A 
Avoid air conditioning as it can
contribute to dry eye.
Avoid smoking.
Humidifiers may help.
Take regular breaks when carrying.
out activities such as reading, watching television, or using a computer.
Omega-3 may help.
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4
Q

When should dry eye be referred?

A

If they have tried all of this and it

hasn’t worked then they may need to book in with an optician to have an eye appointment.

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5
Q

What are the diagnostics for foreign bodies in the eye?

A 
Slight discomfort/pain.
Itchiness.
Social history (e.g. their job may
result in potential irritant entries,
such as welding).
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6
Q

What is the treatment for a foreign body in the eye?

A

Saline eye bath (Optrex).

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7
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for a foreign body in the eye?

A

Do not itch as it may get lodged in.

Eye bath can be used liberally (even hourly).

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8
Q

When should a foreign body in the eye be referred?

A

If an eye bath is unsuccessful refer
to MECS-accredited optician
who can remove it.

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9
Q

What is the diagnostics for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Yellow discharge.
Gritty and potential irritation.
Redness which is generalised.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol eye drops

or ointment.

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11
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A 
It is a self-limiting condition so be
reassured that it will get better in a 
few days.
Ensure to complete the course as
it is an antibiotic.
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12
Q

When should bacterial conjunctivitis be referred?

A

If staring at light causes more pain; could be ulceration so they will need to go to the hospital.

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13
Q

What are the diagnostics for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Watery discharge.
Gritty and potential irritation.
Redness which is generalised.
Some cold symptoms.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Artificial tears may help -

do not use chloramphenicol.

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15
Q

What are the diagnostics for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Watery discharge.
Itchy.
Redness which is generalised.

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16
Q

What is the treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Anti-histamines may help.

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17
Q

What is the diagnostic for a stye?

A

Inflammation on the eyelid.

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18
Q

What is the treatment for a stye?

A

Warm compress.
Golden Eye (minor eye
infections).

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19
Q

What is the diagnostic for blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margin.

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20
Q

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

A

Dilute baby shampoo and

apply with a cotton bud.

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21
Q

When should blepharitis be referred?

A

Refer if treatment is ineffective.

22
Q

What is the diagnostic for herpes simplex?

A

Red patches on and around the

eye.

23
Q

When should herpes simplex be referred?

A

Antibiotics needed urgently.

24
Q

What may cause one to present with herpes simplex?

A 
May be caused by:
Menstruation.
UV light.
Stress.
Cold.
Viral infection.
25
Q

What are the diagnostics for acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Headache.
Pain in one eye.
Halos around lights.

26
Q

When should acute angle-closure glaucoma be referred?

A

A&E immediately.

27
Q

What may trigger acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A 
Triggered by:
Eye dilation.
Sudden excitement.
Post-anaesthetic.
Some medications.
28
Q

What is the diagnostic for sub-conjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Bloodshot eyes.

29
Q

What is the treatment for sub-conjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Optrex Bloodshot Eye Drops.

30
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for sub-conjunctival haemorrhages.

A

Will spontaneously improve.

Nothing to worry about.

31
Q

When should a sub-conjunctival haemorrhage be referred?

A

Pain, disturbance to vision, if
recurrent, accompanying
headache, pre-existing eye
conditions.

32
Q

In what patient population are sub-conjunctival haemorrhages common?

A

The elderly.

33
Q

What are the diagnostics for teething?

A

Fever.

Irritation.

34
Q

What is the treatment for teething?

A

Bonjela Teething Gel.

35
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for teething?

A 
Teething rings can be used -
may be refrigerated and sterilised.
Raw carrots can be chewed on.
Clean teeth immediately as they.
come through.
Protect from dribble rash.
36
Q

What is the age of onset for teething?

A

Usually around 6-9 months.

37
Q

What is the diagnostic for oral thrush?

A

White flakes on the tongue

which can be scraped off.

38
Q

What is the treatment for oral thrush?

A

Daktarin Oral Gel - commonly interacts with other medication though.

39
Q

When should oral thrush be referred?

A

Pregnancy or when sufferers are

younger than 4 months old (due to product licensing).

40
Q

In what patient populations is oral thrush common?

A

Common in diabetics and

the immuno-compromised.

41
Q

What is the diagnostic for cold sores?

A

Red petrusion often around the

lips.

42
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores?

A

Aciclovir cream - use early in an attack.

43
Q

When should cold sores be referred?

A

When there are many sores.

44
Q

What may cause one to experience cold sores?

A 
May be caused by:
Menstruation.
UV light.
Stress.
Cold.
Viral infection.
45
Q

What are the diagnostics for otitis media (earache)?

A

ain around the ear, potentially

even hot to the touch.

46
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media (earache)?

A

Paracetamol and ibuprofen

for fever and pain.

47
Q

What non-pharmacological advice can be given for otitis media (earache)?

A

Avoid dummies, passive smoking,

ensure baby is vaccinated.

48
Q

When should otitis media (earache be referred?

A 
<3 months old.
Perforation of the ear.
Discharge.
Symptoms for longer than 4
days.
Systemic illness.

Antibiotics would be required for
these sufferers.

49
Q

What should one do if they suspect an oral thrush infection?

A

A referral is advised if thrush is suspected and the throat is
sore and painful.

50
Q

When should a sore throat be referred?

A 
A sore throat lasting 1 week or more
Recurrent bouts of infection
Hoarseness of more than 3 weeks’ duration
Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)
Failed medication
High temperature – >38◦C
51
Q

How long should one wait to see their GP after pharmacists recommendation if there is no improvement?

A

After one week if no improvement.

Responding to Symptoms (OTC) (9 decks)

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