Respiration Flashcards
glucose + oxygen → _________+________
carbon dioxide
water
what does lactic acid build up cause?
muscle fatigue and pain
what is oxygen debt?
the amount of extra oxygen required after exercise to fully oxidise lactic acid into carbon dioxide+water
what happens to your breathing during exercise?
the rate and depth increases
why do people eat a lot of carbohydrates before doing strenuous exercise?
to stock up on glycogen (polysacchloride) which is a polymer of glucose. it is a very efficient energy source.
why is glycogen an efficient energy source?
glycogen is very branched, meaning enzymes can release the glucose more quickly.
where is glycogen held
primarily in the liver and is a very large molecule and thus needs to be broken down to reach the muscles
what is metabolism?
it is the total of all the chemical reactions that happen inside cells and the body
what are catabolic reactions?
reactions the hydrolyse larger molecules
proteins→amino acids
what are anabolic reactions?
reactions that build larger molecules
amino acids → proteins
what is aerobic respiration?
breaking down glucose using oxygen to release energy for the cells
what is anaerobic respiration?
breaking down glucose without oxygen to release energy for the cells
what is the purpose of respiration?
it is the release of energy to allow all process to happen
where is lactic acid transported to before being oxidised and what it is oxidised into?
it is transported to the liver before being fully oxidised into CO2+H2O
what do the muscles do during exercise that requires more energy?
they contract
what do cells need to do to release more energy?
they respire more.
what do cells need to respire more?
they need more oxygen
to get more oxygen into the body, what happens to the breathing rate?
the depth and rate increase
what do the extra oxygen and glucose have to do with heart rate increasing?
they travel to the muscle cells through the bloodstream, and they need to get there quicker during exercise, hence the heart rate increase.
what does the heart rate increase have to do with carbon dioxide?
it transports the extra carbon dioxide to the lungs to be breathed out
respiration is used in animals to build larger________ from _______ ones
molecules
smaller
respiration is used in mammals and birds to maintain steady _______ __________ in ________ surroundings
body temperature
colder
respiration is used in plants to build up sugars and ________ and other nutrients into ______ _______ which are then built into proteins
nitrates
amino acids
respiration is used in animals to enable muscles to _______
contract
