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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a stimulus

A

a stimulus is a change in the environment

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2
Q

why do the internal conditions of your body need to be regulated?

A

they need to be regulated to maintain the right conditions for cells to function properly and for enzyme action

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3
Q

name the component of a control system that detects stimuli

A

the component is the receptor

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4
Q

what are the 3 main components of the automatic control system?

A

the 3 main components are receptors, coordination centres and effectors

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5
Q

what is negative feedback?

A

negative feedback is when the receptors detect a stimulus level is too high/low and so the coordination centre and the effector organise and produce a response to bring the level back to normal

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6
Q

what is the central nervous system made up of?

A

the CNS is made up of the brain and spinal chord and is connected to the body via sensory and motor neurones

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7
Q

what is the order of the coordination to the response?

A

stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS, motor neurone, effector response

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8
Q

what is the 3rd component in the coordination order?

A

sensory neurone

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9
Q

what is the 6th component in the coordination order?

A

effector

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10
Q

what is the 5th component in the coordination order?

A

motor neurone

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11
Q

what is the connection between 2 neurones known as?

A

the synapse

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12
Q

what happens when an impulse reaches a synapse between the sensory neurone and the relay neurone?

A

chemicals are released which cause impulses to be sent along the relay neurone

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13
Q

what is a reflex?

A

a reflex is a rapid, automatic response to certain stimuli that don’t involve the conscious past of the brain

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14
Q

what is the reaction time?

A

the reaction time is the time it takes to respond to a stimulus

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15
Q

what is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

A

it is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

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16
Q

what is the medulla responsible for?

A

it is responsible for unconscious activities like breathing and your heartbeat

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17
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

it is responsible for muscle coordination

18
Q

what is the sclera?

A

the sclera is the tough, supporting wall of the eye

19
Q

what is the cornea?

A

the cornea is the transparent outer layer found at the front of the eye

20
Q

what does the cornea do?

A

the cornea refracts light into the eye

21
Q

what does the iris contain that make it good at its job?

A

the iris contains muscles that allow it to control the diameter of the pupil and therefore how much light enters the eye

22
Q

what does the lens do?

A

the lens focuses light onto the retina

23
Q

what does the retina contain?

A

the retina contains receptor cells sensitive to light intensity and colour

24
Q

what is the shape of the lens controlled by?

A

the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

25
Q

what does the optic nerve do?

A

the optic nerve carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain

26
Q

to look at near objects, what happens to the ciliary muscles!

A

they contract

27
Q

when looking at near objects, what happens to the suspensory ligaments?

A

they slacken

28
Q

when looking at near objects, what happens to the lens?

A

it becomes fat (more curved)

29
Q

what does the increase in the size of the lens do?

A

it increases the amount by which it refracts light

30
Q

to look at distant objects, what happens to the ciliary muscles?

A

they relax

31
Q

when looking at distant objects, what happens to the suspensory ligaments?

A

they pull tight

32
Q

what happens to the lens when looking at distant objects?

A

the lens goes thin

33
Q

what does the thinning of the lens mean?

A

it means that it refracts light by a smaller amount

34
Q

what is the medical term for short sightedness?

A

myopia (MY)

35
Q

what is the medical term for long sightedness?

A

hyperopia

36
Q

what size is the eyeball for shortsightedness to occur?

A

too long (meets in the middle of the eye)

37
Q

what size is the eyeball for long sightedness to occur?

A

too short (meets behind the eye)

38
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

this is when the blood vessels supplying the skin dilate so more blood flows close to the surface of the skin which helps transfer energy to the environment

39
Q

why do you shiver?

A

you shiver because your muscles contract automatically, which requires respiration which transfers energy to warm the body

40
Q

what is the area of the brain that controls body temperature?

A

the thermoregulatory centre

Biology (5 decks)

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