Respiration Flashcards
Explain negative pressure breathing
As the lungs expand, the volume of them increases and the pressure of the molecules decreases, this causes air to want to rush into the lungs. Then air wants to rush out of the lungs because the pressure is increased–causing to volume to decrease
What important functions do the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cavities do?
warms, moistens, and filters air
What are the muscles that help take in air?
diaphragm and the external intercostals
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
it flattens, creating more room for the lungs
How many pairs of external intercostals are there?
11-they sit in between the ribs
In what directions do the external intercostals create volume?
side to side, front to back, and top to bottom
Where does the gas exchange happen during respiration?
the alveoli
How do we define respiration?
the power source for voice
What is the primary function of respiration?
Life sustaining
What is the secondary function of respiration?
power source for the voice
Do we speak during inhalation or exhalation?
exhalation
What is it called when the trachea splits?
bifurcation
What does the trachea split into?
the primary bronchi
How many secondary bronchi are there for each lung?
as many as there are lobes for each lung
- left lung has two lobes (two secondary bronchi)
- right lung has three lobes (three secondary bronchi)
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
Where do all the ribs, except the 11th and 12th pairs attach?
the sternum
Where do ALL the ribs attach?
the vertabrae
What helps ribs 1-10 attach to the sternum?
costal cartilage
What does the cartilage allow the ribs to do?
torque and twist up
Which ribs get their own costal cartilage?
Ribs 1-7
Which ribs share costal cartilage and are called false ribs?
Ribs 8-10
Which ribs are “floating”?
Ribs 11 and 12
What is passive exhalation?
the muscles you used for inhalation will relax and gravity will help everything go back to where it started
What is active exhalation?
How you exhale when you are being more active, such as exercising or singing
What muscles are used during active exhalation?
Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
What do the internal intercostals do?
Pull the ribcage down and in
Explain checking action
when you engage both inhalation and exhalation muscles at the same time to control outward airflow
What is the ratio of inhalation to exhalation during speech?
10% inhalation and 90% exhalation
What is the ratio of inhalation to exhalation at rest?
40% inhalation 60% exhalation
What is tidal volume (TV)?
the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal respiratory cycle
What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
the amount of air you can possibly inhale beyond your tidal volume
-inhaling at maximal effort
What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?
the amount you can exhale beyond your tidal exhalation
-maximal exhalation, what you can exhale beyond your tidal exhalation
What is residual volume?
the amount that is always in your lungs even after maximal exhalation
-because of residual volume; you can still accomplish the gas exchange
What is capacity?
how we use the air
-typically a combination of one or two volumes to accomplish a purpose
What is inspiratory capacity?
the amount of air that can possibly be inhaled after a quiet exhalation
What is vital capacity?
the amount that can be maximally inhaled after maximal exhalation
-vital capacity=IRV+TV+ERV
What effects vital capacity?
posture, strength of respiratory system, pulmonary compliance
What is pulmonary compliance?
stretchiness or elasticity of the lungs
What things can effect pulmonary compliance?
Cycstic fibrosis and smoking
What is functional residual capacity?
The amount of air left in your lungs after a normal exhalation
-functional residual capacity=ERV+RV
What is total lung capacity?
The total amount of air the lungs can hold after a maximal inhalation
Total Lung Capacity=IRV+TV+ERV+RV
What is diaphragmatic breathing?
belly breathing?
-the deepest type of breathing
What is thoracic breathing?
Doesn’t give maximal increase like you would using diaphragmatic breathing
-has more movement of the sternum and ribcage
What is clavicular breathing?
Very shallow breathing
- a lot of shoulder movement
- not ideal
