Respiration

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract includes

Answer 1

Frontal sinus; nasal cavity and pharynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory track includes

Answer 2

Larynx; Trachea; bronchi; lungs

Question 3

Conduction portion of the respiratory system define where

Answer 3

no gas exchange; Nose to Terminal bronchioles

Question 4

Respiratory portion

Answer 4

Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli; where gas exchange occurs

Question 5

Nose made from 3)

Answer 5

Cartilage; nasal bones and nostrils(opening)

Question 6

Nasal cavity Tissue

Answer 6

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

Question 7

Nasal Cavity contains(6)

Answer 7

1) Vestibule (entrance) 2) olfactory rec(smell) 3) nasal septum 4) 3 concha ( sup; mid ; inf) 5) meatuses 6) paranasal sinuses

Question 8

Meatuses are formed from

Answer 8

Concha 3 of them sup/mid/inf

Question 9

3 Parts of Pharynx top to bot

Answer 9

1) nasopharynx 2) Oropharynx 3) Laryngopharynx

Question 10

Nasopharynx Loc/Tis

Answer 10

Upper Pharynx; pseudostratified ciliated columnar (no oral)

Question 11

Oropharynx Loc/Tis

Answer 11

Middle Pharynx; Non keratinized stratified squamous

Question 12

Laryngopharynx

Answer 12

Bottom Pharynx; Non keratinized stratified squamous

Question 13

Why I the pharynx made from mostly Non keratinized squamous tissue

Answer 13

Lots of layer so food cant cause tears

Question 14

Larynx different tissues (2)

Answer 14

1)Superior: Non keratinized; strat; squam. 2)Inferior: pseudostratified; ciliated; columnar

Question 15

Parts of the Larynx (4)

Answer 15

Thyroid cartilage 2) Cricoid cartilage 3) Epiglottis 4) Arytenoid cartilage

Question 16

Thyroid cartilage loc and marking

Answer 16

Hyaline cartilage; on large front of larynx has Laryngeal prominence

Question 17

Laryngeal prominence

Answer 17

Adams apple on thyroid cartilage

Question 18

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 18

Hyaline ; ring shaped on larynx(bigger in the back)

Question 19

Epiglottis

Answer 19

Elastic Cartilage; Prevents food from entering inferior larynx

Question 20

Arytenoid Cartilage

Answer 20

Above cricoid on back two bumps that attach to vocal cord (can move to change tension)

Question 21

2 Ligaments of the Larynx

Answer 21

1) Vocal ligaments; inferior; form true vocal cords 2) Vestibular ligaments ; superior; false vocal cords

Question 22

Vocal cords can close and open aka

Answer 22

Adduct or abduct(open)

Question 23

Trachea tissue

Answer 23

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar w/goblet cells

Question 24

Windpipe

Answer 24

Trachea

Question 25

Trachea parts

Answer 25

Tracheal cartilage (c-shaped) ridges; 2) Anular ligaments (elastic CT) (between each ridge) 3) Trachealis Muscle ( on the back can constrict/dilate) 4) Divides in to L and R 1st branch (primary)

Question 26

Brachial Tree Division

Answer 26

1) Primary bronchi enter lungs 2 segments 2) 2nd L= 2 R= 3 seg 3) 3rd 8-10 segs

Question 27

Bronchial Tree is made from 3 tissues

Answer 27

1) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar 2) Smooth muscle 3)cartilage

Question 28

sympathetic vs Parasympathetic response

Answer 28

1) open of airway(epinephrine) vs closing

Question 29

Bronchioles

Answer 29

Have smooth muscles; divisions that end in terminal bronchioles

Question 30

Order of Bronchioles

Answer 30

Terminal -> respiratory Bronchioles -> alveoli(alveolar sacs)

Question 31

3 Types of Alveoli Cells

Answer 31

1) Type (simple squamous) 2) Types 2 cells(cuboidal) 3) Dust cells (macrophages)

Question 32

Type 1 cells Tis/fun

Answer 32

In alveoli; Simple squamous; gas diffusion

Question 33

Type 2 Cells Tis/Fun

Answer 33

In alveoli; Cuboidal; Secrete surfactant( prevents collapse of alveoli

Question 34

Dust Cells

Answer 34

IN Alveoli and are macrophages

Question 35

Respiratory membrane (3)

Answer 35

1) Alveolar endothelium 2) Fused basement membranes of the alveolar and capillary endothelium 3) Capillary endothelium

Question 36

Pleural membrane

Answer 36

1) outer parietal pleura 2) inner visceral pleura 3) pleural cavity w/ serous fluid in-between

Question 37

Apex on lung

Answer 37

Top point

Question 38

Left Lung Char

Answer 38

1) 2 Lobes (inf; sup) 2 )Oblique fissure 3) cardiac notch 4) Cardiac impression 5 8-10 bronchopulmonary segments

Question 39

Right Lung Char

Answer 39

1) 3 Lobes(sup; mid; inf) 2)Horizontal Fissure 3) Oblique Fissure 4) 10 Bronchopulmonary 5) NO cardiac notch or impression

Question 40

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 40

Deoxygenated blood from Heart

Question 41

Bronchial Circulation

Answer 41

Supplies lung tissue w/ oxygenated blood

Question 42

Inhalation(inspiration)

Answer 42

If Diaphragm contracts; lung expands( pressure in lungs drop below 760 then) 2) air flows into lungs from down pressure gradient

Question 43

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 43

~760 mmHg

Question 44

Exhalation(expiration)

Answer 44

1) Diaphragm relaxes; lung volume is DECREASED ( pressure in Lungs INCREASEs above 760 mmHg) 2) Air flows out of lungs from down pressure gradient

Question 45

Active muscles of Breathing

Answer 45

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 46

Accessory Muscles of Exhalation

Answer 46

Internal Intercostals and Abdominal muscles ( blowing out birthday candles)

Question 47

Which is An active process inhalation or exhalation

Answer 47

Inhalation

Question 48

Neural innervation of Respiration

Answer 48

1) Reparatory center in medulla oblongata 2) Apneustic and pneumotaxic center in Pons 3) Autonomic (sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

Question 49

Medulla oblongata contains for respiratory?

Answer 49

Respiratory (rhythmicity) center which established RATE and DEPTH of Breathing

Question 50

When Center are in the Pons what they do?

Answer 50

Apneustic and Pneumotaxic centers; Modify breathing pattern(fine tuning)

Question 51

Autonomic does not control what

Answer 51

Rate of breathing

Question 52

Sympathetic Autonomic Respiration controls

Answer 52

Dilates bronchioles(run from a lion)

Question 53

Parasympathetic Autonomic Respiration controls

Answer 53

Constricts bronchioles(sleeping)

Question 54

Emphysema

Answer 54

Emphysema gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs; making you progressively more short of breath. (COPD) smoking is leading cause; no cure (use o2 tank)

Question 55

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 55

Chronic Inflammation and swelling of the lining of the airways; leading to narrowing and obstruction generally resulting in daily cough. -From Smoking