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Bio139 Test6 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract includes

A

Frontal sinus; nasal cavity and pharynx

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2
Q

Lower respiratory track includes

A

Larynx; Trachea; bronchi; lungs

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3
Q

Conduction portion of the respiratory system define where

A

no gas exchange; Nose to Terminal bronchioles

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4
Q

Respiratory portion

A

Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli; where gas exchange occurs

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5
Q

Nose made from 3)

A

Cartilage; nasal bones and nostrils(opening)

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6
Q

Nasal cavity Tissue

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

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7
Q

Nasal Cavity contains(6)

A

1) Vestibule (entrance) 2) olfactory rec(smell) 3) nasal septum 4) 3 concha ( sup; mid ; inf) 5) meatuses 6) paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

Meatuses are formed from

A

Concha 3 of them sup/mid/inf

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9
Q

3 Parts of Pharynx top to bot

A

1) nasopharynx 2) Oropharynx 3) Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

Nasopharynx Loc/Tis

A

Upper Pharynx; pseudostratified ciliated columnar (no oral)

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11
Q

Oropharynx Loc/Tis

A

Middle Pharynx; Non keratinized stratified squamous

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12
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Bottom Pharynx; Non keratinized stratified squamous

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13
Q

Why I the pharynx made from mostly Non keratinized squamous tissue

A

Lots of layer so food cant cause tears

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14
Q

Larynx different tissues (2)

A

1)Superior: Non keratinized; strat; squam. 2)Inferior: pseudostratified; ciliated; columnar

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15
Q

Parts of the Larynx (4)

A

Thyroid cartilage 2) Cricoid cartilage 3) Epiglottis 4) Arytenoid cartilage

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16
Q

Thyroid cartilage loc and marking

A

Hyaline cartilage; on large front of larynx has Laryngeal prominence

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17
Q

Laryngeal prominence

A

Adams apple on thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Hyaline ; ring shaped on larynx(bigger in the back)

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19
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic Cartilage; Prevents food from entering inferior larynx

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20
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage

A

Above cricoid on back two bumps that attach to vocal cord (can move to change tension)

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21
Q

2 Ligaments of the Larynx

A

1) Vocal ligaments; inferior; form true vocal cords 2) Vestibular ligaments ; superior; false vocal cords

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22
Q

Vocal cords can close and open aka

A

Adduct or abduct(open)

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23
Q

Trachea tissue

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar w/goblet cells

24
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

25
Q

Trachea parts

A

Tracheal cartilage (c-shaped) ridges; 2) Anular ligaments (elastic CT) (between each ridge) 3) Trachealis Muscle ( on the back can constrict/dilate) 4) Divides in to L and R 1st branch (primary)

26
Q

Brachial Tree Division

A

1) Primary bronchi enter lungs 2 segments 2) 2nd L= 2 R= 3 seg 3) 3rd 8-10 segs

27
Q

Bronchial Tree is made from 3 tissues

A

1) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar 2) Smooth muscle 3)cartilage

28
Q

sympathetic vs Parasympathetic response

A

1) open of airway(epinephrine) vs closing

29
Q

Bronchioles

A

Have smooth muscles; divisions that end in terminal bronchioles

30
Q

Order of Bronchioles

A

Terminal -> respiratory Bronchioles -> alveoli(alveolar sacs)

31
Q

3 Types of Alveoli Cells

A

1) Type (simple squamous) 2) Types 2 cells(cuboidal) 3) Dust cells (macrophages)

32
Q

Type 1 cells Tis/fun

A

In alveoli; Simple squamous; gas diffusion

33
Q

Type 2 Cells Tis/Fun

A

In alveoli; Cuboidal; Secrete surfactant( prevents collapse of alveoli

34
Q

Dust Cells

A

IN Alveoli and are macrophages

35
Q

Respiratory membrane (3)

A

1) Alveolar endothelium 2) Fused basement membranes of the alveolar and capillary endothelium 3) Capillary endothelium

36
Q

Pleural membrane

A

1) outer parietal pleura 2) inner visceral pleura 3) pleural cavity w/ serous fluid in-between

37
Q

Apex on lung

A

Top point

38
Q

Left Lung Char

A

1) 2 Lobes (inf; sup) 2 )Oblique fissure 3) cardiac notch 4) Cardiac impression 5 8-10 bronchopulmonary segments

39
Q

Right Lung Char

A

1) 3 Lobes(sup; mid; inf) 2)Horizontal Fissure 3) Oblique Fissure 4) 10 Bronchopulmonary 5) NO cardiac notch or impression

40
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Deoxygenated blood from Heart

41
Q

Bronchial Circulation

A

Supplies lung tissue w/ oxygenated blood

42
Q

Inhalation(inspiration)

A

If Diaphragm contracts; lung expands( pressure in lungs drop below 760 then) 2) air flows into lungs from down pressure gradient

43
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

~760 mmHg

44
Q

Exhalation(expiration)

A

1) Diaphragm relaxes; lung volume is DECREASED ( pressure in Lungs INCREASEs above 760 mmHg) 2) Air flows out of lungs from down pressure gradient

45
Q

Active muscles of Breathing

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

46
Q

Accessory Muscles of Exhalation

A

Internal Intercostals and Abdominal muscles ( blowing out birthday candles)

47
Q

Which is An active process inhalation or exhalation

A

Inhalation

48
Q

Neural innervation of Respiration

A

1) Reparatory center in medulla oblongata 2) Apneustic and pneumotaxic center in Pons 3) Autonomic (sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

49
Q

Medulla oblongata contains for respiratory?

A

Respiratory (rhythmicity) center which established RATE and DEPTH of Breathing

50
Q

When Center are in the Pons what they do?

A

Apneustic and Pneumotaxic centers; Modify breathing pattern(fine tuning)

51
Q

Autonomic does not control what

A

Rate of breathing

52
Q

Sympathetic Autonomic Respiration controls

A

Dilates bronchioles(run from a lion)

53
Q

Parasympathetic Autonomic Respiration controls

A

Constricts bronchioles(sleeping)

54
Q

Emphysema

A

Emphysema gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs; making you progressively more short of breath. (COPD) smoking is leading cause; no cure (use o2 tank)

55
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic Inflammation and swelling of the lining of the airways; leading to narrowing and obstruction generally resulting in daily cough. -From Smoking

Bio139 Test6 (4 decks)

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