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Bio139 Test6 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes

A

Sex Cells

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2
Q

Male Gametes

A

Sperm

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3
Q

Female Gametes

A

Oocytes

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4
Q

Haploid Vs Diploid

A

23 no paired Chromomes vs 23 Paired Chromosomes(haploid are in Gametes)

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5
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

A

1) Ovaries (primary) 2) Uterus 3) Uterine Tubes 4) Vagina

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6
Q

Ovaries Location

A

Lateral to uterus

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7
Q

Ovaries held by what ligaments

A

Broad; Ovarian; suspensory

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8
Q

What is the Ovaries surround by

A

Germinal Epithelium and Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Parts of Ovaries and Hormones

A

Cortex with Follicles -> FSH (follicle stimulating Hormone) 2) Medulla

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10
Q

Follicles of Ovaries

A

Consist of oocytes surround by follicular cells

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11
Q

Stages of Follicles

A

1) Primordial 2) Primary 3) Secondary 4) Graafian (vesicular)

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12
Q

Primordial Stage of Follicle

A

1st oocyte; 1 layer of flattened cells

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13
Q

Primary Stage of Follicle

A

1st Oocyte > 1 layer of cuboidal cells

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14
Q

Secondary Stage of Follicles

A

1st Oocyte; Many layer of cells with antrum and Zona pellucida and Corona radiata(clear ring)

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15
Q

Graafian Stage of Follicle

A

2nd Oocyte; many layer of cells; LARGER antrum; Rupture and release oocyte (ovulation)

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16
Q

A follicle become what after ovulation and secretes what

A

Corpus luteum; secretes Progesterone and estrogen.

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17
Q

what does corpus luteum become

A

Corpus Albicans ( no longer releases hormones and is broken down)

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18
Q

Oocytes before birth

A

OOGONIA become 1st oocytes

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19
Q

At puberty what happens to Oocytes

A

Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin releasing Hormone (GnRH) which stimulates Ant pituitary to release FSH and LH in a cyclical mothy pattern(28 days)

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20
Q

Ovarian Cycle Length

A

28 days

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21
Q

Ovarian cycle Phases

A

1) Follicular phase(day 1-13) 2) Ovulation (day 14) 3) Luteal Phase (day15-28)

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22
Q

Follicular phase

A

Days 1-13; LH & FSH stim. some primordial follicles -> 1st follicles; some 1st -> 2nd; one 2nd graafian

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23
Q

Ovulation

A

Day 14; release of 2nd oocyte from graafian; stimulated by ‘LH surge’

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24
Q

Luteal phase

A

Days 15-28; remaining follicular cells corpus luteum; secretes estrogen & progesterone

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25
Q

What builds up uterine lining

A

Estrogen and progesterone from follicularis

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26
Q

If there Is no fertilization Then

A

Corpus luteum -> corpus albicans; estrogen & progesterone levels drop; uterine lining is shed (menstruation)

27
Q

If fertilization Then

A

1)Pre-embryo implants in the uterine lining; secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 2) hCG stimulates corpus luteum to keep secreting progesterone 3) After ~3 months; fetus begins producing estrogen and progesterone & luteum -> albicans

28
Q

Fallopian Tubes(Uterine)

A

1) suspended by broad ligament 2) Fertilized in Tube 3) Has Infundibulum with Fibrae(brushed feet)

29
Q

Where is the Oocyte fertilized in?

A

Uterine (Fallopian Tube) then go to the Uterus

30
Q

Parts of the Uterine

A

1) Infundibulum 2) Ampulla 3) Isthmus 4) interstitial Segment

31
Q

Uterus

A

Open to Fallopian Tube and Vagina 2) Supports and nourished pre embryo after implantation

32
Q

Parts of the Uterus

A

Fundus( round top) 2) Body 3) isthmus ( | | ) 4) Cervix ( bottom)

33
Q

Walls of the Uterus

A

1) Perimetrium 2) Myometrium(middle smooth muscle) 3) endometrium (inner) with Basal layer and Functional layer

34
Q

What layer of the Uterus comes off with menstruation?

A

The Functional layer of the Endometrium

35
Q

Uterine(menstrual Cycle)

A

1) Menstrual Phase (1-5 Days) 2) Proliferation Phase (6-14 days) 3) secretory Phase (15-28 days)

36
Q

Menstrual Phase

A

1st Phases; Day 1-5; function layer is sloughed off

37
Q

Proliferation Phase

A

2nd Phase; Days 6-14; Functional Layer grows

38
Q

Secretory Phase

A

3rd Phase; 15-28 Days; Progesterone from corpus luteum increase vascularization and development

39
Q

IF no fertilization Occurs Then?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates; progesterone drops; menstrual phase begins

40
Q

Vagina

A

1) Connects uterus to outside of Body 2) Lined w/ non keratinized stratified squamous 3) Hymen (membranous barrier for protection)

41
Q

Female External Genitalia

A

1) Valva 2) Labia 3) Clitoris

42
Q

Vulva

A

External Genitalia on female

43
Q

Labia

A

Thicken folds of skin (major and Minor)

44
Q

Clitoris

A

Erectile body

45
Q

Mall reproductive Organs

A

1) Testes (primary) 2) Ducts 3) Tubules 4) Glands

46
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac that holds testes has Dartos muscle(smooth) with helps with temperature control(elevating /depressing the sac)

47
Q

Testes Produce

A

Sperm and Testosterone

48
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

Each testis is covered both anteriorly and laterally by a serous membrane; with a visceral layer and parietal layer

49
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Thick; whitish; fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea covers the testis and lies immediately deep to the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis.

50
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

IN the testes the internal space has about 250 separate lobules. Each lobule contains up to four extremely convoluted; thin and elongated seminiferous tubules.

51
Q

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

A

Found outside seminiferous Tubules 2) Produces Testosterone

52
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Contains BV; Nerves and VAS DEFERENS(tube for sperm)

53
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

Produce Sperm

54
Q

Cremaster

A

A muscle that used to control temperature of sperm with elevation and depression

55
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Mature Sperm Cell Has Acrosome (protein cap that can penetrate oocytes)

56
Q

Parts of a Sperm

A

1) Acrosome (protein cap that can penetrate oocytes) 2) Tail 3) Neck

57
Q

Where does Sperm development Take Place

A

Seminiferous tubules

58
Q

Ducts of testes

A

1) Rete testes ( receives sperm for seminiferous tubules) 2) Efferent Ductule( connects ret testes to epididymis 3) Epididymis(finishing touches on head body and tail) 4) Vas Deferens ( Tarsales through spermatic Cord; ampulla; merger w/ seminal vesicles to for ejaculatory duct)

59
Q

Open to outside of Body Male

A

Urethra

60
Q

3 Parts of Urethra

A

1) Prostatic 2) Membranous 3) Spongy (penile)

61
Q

Accessory Glands to the Testes

A

Forms Seminal Fluid 1) seminal vesicle( Alkaline fluid 2) prostate Gland (fluid with proteins 4) Bulbourethral ( Cowper’s) Gland (mucous)

62
Q

Erectile bodies

A

1) Corpora cavernosa 2) Corpora spongiosum 3) blood fills venous spaces

63
Q

IS the Erectile body autonomic or sympathic

A

Autonomic -> para sympathic (fills Blood)

Bio139 Test6 (4 decks)

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