Reproductive System Flashcards
Gametes
Sex Cells
Male Gametes
Sperm
Female Gametes
Oocytes
Haploid Vs Diploid
23 no paired Chromomes vs 23 Paired Chromosomes(haploid are in Gametes)
Female Reproductive Organs
1) Ovaries (primary) 2) Uterus 3) Uterine Tubes 4) Vagina
Ovaries Location
Lateral to uterus
Ovaries held by what ligaments
Broad; Ovarian; suspensory
What is the Ovaries surround by
Germinal Epithelium and Tunica albuginea
Parts of Ovaries and Hormones
Cortex with Follicles -> FSH (follicle stimulating Hormone) 2) Medulla
Follicles of Ovaries
Consist of oocytes surround by follicular cells
Stages of Follicles
1) Primordial 2) Primary 3) Secondary 4) Graafian (vesicular)
Primordial Stage of Follicle
1st oocyte; 1 layer of flattened cells
Primary Stage of Follicle
1st Oocyte > 1 layer of cuboidal cells
Secondary Stage of Follicles
1st Oocyte; Many layer of cells with antrum and Zona pellucida and Corona radiata(clear ring)
Graafian Stage of Follicle
2nd Oocyte; many layer of cells; LARGER antrum; Rupture and release oocyte (ovulation)
A follicle become what after ovulation and secretes what
Corpus luteum; secretes Progesterone and estrogen.
what does corpus luteum become
Corpus Albicans ( no longer releases hormones and is broken down)
Oocytes before birth
OOGONIA become 1st oocytes
At puberty what happens to Oocytes
Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin releasing Hormone (GnRH) which stimulates Ant pituitary to release FSH and LH in a cyclical mothy pattern(28 days)
Ovarian Cycle Length
28 days
Ovarian cycle Phases
1) Follicular phase(day 1-13) 2) Ovulation (day 14) 3) Luteal Phase (day15-28)
Follicular phase
Days 1-13; LH & FSH stim. some primordial follicles -> 1st follicles; some 1st -> 2nd; one 2nd graafian
Ovulation
Day 14; release of 2nd oocyte from graafian; stimulated by ‘LH surge’
Luteal phase
Days 15-28; remaining follicular cells corpus luteum; secretes estrogen & progesterone
What builds up uterine lining
Estrogen and progesterone from follicularis
If there Is no fertilization Then
Corpus luteum -> corpus albicans; estrogen & progesterone levels drop; uterine lining is shed (menstruation)
If fertilization Then
1)Pre-embryo implants in the uterine lining; secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 2) hCG stimulates corpus luteum to keep secreting progesterone 3) After ~3 months; fetus begins producing estrogen and progesterone & luteum -> albicans
Fallopian Tubes(Uterine)
1) suspended by broad ligament 2) Fertilized in Tube 3) Has Infundibulum with Fibrae(brushed feet)
Where is the Oocyte fertilized in?
Uterine (Fallopian Tube) then go to the Uterus
Parts of the Uterine
1) Infundibulum 2) Ampulla 3) Isthmus 4) interstitial Segment
Uterus
Open to Fallopian Tube and Vagina 2) Supports and nourished pre embryo after implantation
Parts of the Uterus
Fundus( round top) 2) Body 3) isthmus ( | | ) 4) Cervix ( bottom)
Walls of the Uterus
1) Perimetrium 2) Myometrium(middle smooth muscle) 3) endometrium (inner) with Basal layer and Functional layer
What layer of the Uterus comes off with menstruation?
The Functional layer of the Endometrium
Uterine(menstrual Cycle)
1) Menstrual Phase (1-5 Days) 2) Proliferation Phase (6-14 days) 3) secretory Phase (15-28 days)
Menstrual Phase
1st Phases; Day 1-5; function layer is sloughed off
Proliferation Phase
2nd Phase; Days 6-14; Functional Layer grows
Secretory Phase
3rd Phase; 15-28 Days; Progesterone from corpus luteum increase vascularization and development
IF no fertilization Occurs Then?
Corpus luteum degenerates; progesterone drops; menstrual phase begins
Vagina
1) Connects uterus to outside of Body 2) Lined w/ non keratinized stratified squamous 3) Hymen (membranous barrier for protection)
Female External Genitalia
1) Valva 2) Labia 3) Clitoris
Vulva
External Genitalia on female
Labia
Thicken folds of skin (major and Minor)
Clitoris
Erectile body
Mall reproductive Organs
1) Testes (primary) 2) Ducts 3) Tubules 4) Glands
Scrotum
Sac that holds testes has Dartos muscle(smooth) with helps with temperature control(elevating /depressing the sac)
Testes Produce
Sperm and Testosterone
tunica vaginalis
Each testis is covered both anteriorly and laterally by a serous membrane; with a visceral layer and parietal layer
Tunica albuginea
Thick; whitish; fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea covers the testis and lies immediately deep to the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis.
Seminiferous Tubules
IN the testes the internal space has about 250 separate lobules. Each lobule contains up to four extremely convoluted; thin and elongated seminiferous tubules.
Interstitial (Leydig) cells
Found outside seminiferous Tubules 2) Produces Testosterone
Spermatic Cord
Contains BV; Nerves and VAS DEFERENS(tube for sperm)
Sertoli Cells
Produce Sperm
Cremaster
A muscle that used to control temperature of sperm with elevation and depression
Spermatozoa
Mature Sperm Cell Has Acrosome (protein cap that can penetrate oocytes)
Parts of a Sperm
1) Acrosome (protein cap that can penetrate oocytes) 2) Tail 3) Neck
Where does Sperm development Take Place
Seminiferous tubules
Ducts of testes
1) Rete testes ( receives sperm for seminiferous tubules) 2) Efferent Ductule( connects ret testes to epididymis 3) Epididymis(finishing touches on head body and tail) 4) Vas Deferens ( Tarsales through spermatic Cord; ampulla; merger w/ seminal vesicles to for ejaculatory duct)
Open to outside of Body Male
Urethra
3 Parts of Urethra
1) Prostatic 2) Membranous 3) Spongy (penile)
Accessory Glands to the Testes
Forms Seminal Fluid 1) seminal vesicle( Alkaline fluid 2) prostate Gland (fluid with proteins 4) Bulbourethral ( Cowper’s) Gland (mucous)
Erectile bodies
1) Corpora cavernosa 2) Corpora spongiosum 3) blood fills venous spaces
IS the Erectile body autonomic or sympathic
Autonomic -> para sympathic (fills Blood)
