Digestive System Flashcards
Functions of the Digestive System
1) Ingestion 2) Digestion 3)Propulsion 4)Secretion 5)Absorption 6)Elimination
Ingestion
to Take in (food and water)
Digestion
To break down
Propulsion and types
To move through things; 1) Peristalsis(waves of contraction)(LONGITUDAL) 2) Segmentation(parted and horizontal)
Secretion
To release substances (enzymes)
Absorption
Take across lining(small intestines)
Oral cavity Tissue
Non keratinized stratified squamous
Teeth vs Enzymes
Mechanical digestion vs chemical digestion
Vestibules of the Oral cavity
Between Teeth and gums Anterior
Labia of the oral cavity
Lips
Gingivae of the oral cavity
Gums
Hard Palate vs Soft Palate
Top of the Mouth; soft is muscle hard is bone
What stops food from going into the nasal cavity
Uvula
What kind of muscle is the tongue
Skeletal
Fauces
Opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
Saliva of spit and what is breaks down
Salivary Amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
3 Pairs of Salivary Glands
1) Parotid (near ear) 2) Submandibular 3) Sublingual(under tongue)
Mastication
Chewing
Parts of the Tooth
Crown; neck; Roots; Dental alveoli(sockets); Dentin(inner layer)
What surrounds the Crown
Enamel(hardest part of body)
Out side of the Root Dentin
Cementum
Pulp Cavity
Nerves and Blood Supply of tooth
Root Canal and opening
Where pup cavity lies; Apical foramen
Periodontal Ligaments
Binds the roots to the alveolar processes form a gomphosis joint
Deciduous Teeth
20 Baby Teeth
How many permanent Teeth
32
Teeth Basic names Front to back and number
1) Incisor ( Central and Lateral) 2) Canine 3) Premolar (1st and 2nd) 4) Molar (1st - 3rd)
Serous Membrane that surrounds organs
Peritoneum
Intraperitoneal Organs
In peritoneum
Retroperitoneal organs
Behind peritoneum(kidneys)
Mesenteries
Greater Omentum on stomach ( hold lots of Fat)
Layers of the GI Track
1) Mucosa 2) Sub Mucosa3) Muscularis 4) Adventitia
Submucosa Layer of GI
With Meissner plexus(nerves from autonomic parasympathetic aka submucosal plexus)
Mucosa Layer of GI
(varying Epithelial Tissue and Muscularis mucosa(smooth muscle)
Muscularis layer of GI
Smooth Muscle (lots) 2) inner circular (horizontal) 3) Outer Longitudinal(Peristalsis) 4) AUERBACH Plexus
Adventitia
Outer most layer; blood and nerves
Blood Vessels of The GI
Celiac Trunk; Sup/Inf mesenteric Arteries
Lymphatic Tissue in AGI
Lacteals ( fat absorption) and PEYER PATCHES(ileum)
Esophagus Layer Char
1) M: Nonkeratinied Strat squamous 2) Muscularis: has skeletal muscle
Superior Esophageal sphincter
Sound ring of smooth muscle from pharynx to esophagus
Inferior esophageal sphincter
Esophagus to stomach(small ring of smooth muscle)
Stomach Char
1) J Shaped 2) LUQ below Diaphragm 3) Turns food into CHYME
4 Part of Stomach
1)Cardia (entrance) 2) Fundus (rounded top) 3) body (main) 4) pyloris( Constriction region bottom)
Parts of the Pyloris in the Stomach
Orifice(hole) and sphincter(regulator of fluid)
Rugae of the Stomach
Ridges inside stomach and bladder)
Greater and lesser curvature
On stomach top and bot
Cells of the Stomach
Simple columnar(no goblet cells)
Stomach Muscularis Layer
3 Layers not 2! 1) inner oblique 2) middle circular 3) outer Longitudinal
Gastric Glands of the Stomach
1) Mucous Cells 2) parietal Cells HCl and intrinsic Factor) 3) Chief Cells (pepsinogen) 4) Enteroendocrine cells
Parietal Cells of Stomach
Secrete HCL(hydrochloric Acid low pH) and intrinsic Factor ( Vitamin B12 Absorption)
Chief Cell of Stomach
secrete Pepsinogen( breaks down proteins)
Enteroengocrines Cells
_ Gastrin stimulates parietal cell to release HCL
Parts in Order of the Small intestines
1) Duodenum 2) Jejunum 3) Ileum
Duodenum
Simple columnar 2) Brunner Glands(alkaline mucous) 3) ( Major duodenal papillae) 4) Cholecystokinin(CCK) hormone the stimulus the Pancrease and galli bladder to release secretions
Jejunum Small intestines
2nd; Lots of absorption
Ileum Small intestines
1) Has Peyer’s Patches (immune) 2) regulates stuff going to large intestines with ileocecal VaLVE
Plicae Circularis
Small intestine folds
Small intestine Has
Plicae circularis 2) Villi 3) Microvilli(brush border surface area) 3) Crypts of Lieberkuhn (goblet cells and enteroendocine glands)
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
IN small intestine between Villi
Large intestines Function
Absorbs Water and Electrolytes -> remain contents feces
Parts of the Large Intestine
1) Cecum(with Vermiform appendix) 2) Ascending Colon 3) transverse Colon 4) descending Colon 5) sigmoid Colon 6) Rectum 7) Anan Canal
Large intestines Tissue
Simple columnar w/ goblet cells
Large intestines Char
Longitudinal layer of the Muscularis forms TENIA COLI(smooth Muscle) which make Balls( HAUSTRA) and preforms haustral churning
Liver
RUQ 2) 4 Lobes 3) Falciform ligament 4) Ligamentum venosum 5) Round ligament
4 Lobes of the Liver
1) right 2) Left 3) Caudate (upper back) 4) Quadrate (lower back)
Falciform ligament
Separate R and L liver lobes
Round ligament of the liver
Represents the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
Remnant of the ductus venosus on the liver
ligamentum venosum
Liver made from
Hepatic Lobules and Hepatocytes
Hepatocytes
1) absorb nutrients 2) produce Bile 3) detoxify drugs 4) Synthesize (plasma proteins)
Portal Triad
1) Hepatic portal vein 2) Hepatic artery 3) bile duct
Central vein of liver
Drains blood from liver
Hepatic portal vein
Blood from GI to liver
Hepatic Artery
O2 blood to liver
Kupffer cells
Within sinusoid phagocytic
Bine Canaliculi
Car bile to bile ducts
Gall Bladder Function
Collects Bile
Order of bile
Bile ducts_> r/L hepatic ducts -> Common hepatic Ducts -> Cystic Duct -> common bile Duct
Where is bile produced
In the liver stored in gallbladder
What does bile break down
FAT
Major duodenal papilla
Allows bile and pancreatic juices to enter the duodenum
Panaceas Loc and parts
Behind stomach 2) Head body tail
Pancrease has 2 glands
Islets(endocrine) and acini(exocrine)
Digestive enzymes
Pancreatic juice
What do the bile duct and pancreatic duct merge to form
Hepatopancreatic ampulla(AMPULA of VATER) with a sphincter of ODDI
