Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Is the process that converts biochemical energy from food into ATP

Question 2

Does respiration only occur in animals . T/F

Answer 2

F

Question 3

When does respiration and photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

Respiration occurs at night

Photosynthesis occurs during the day

Question 4

Explain the 2 types of respiration?

Answer 4

1. Aerobic reaction
   Reaction whereby glucose is broken down using oxygen. It extracts more ATP frm.food than anaerobic respiration
2. Anaerobic reaction
   Reaction whereby glucose is broken down without oxygen. It extracts less ATP from food than aerobic respiration

Question 5

List the equation of aerobic respiration

Question 6

List two raw materials for aerobic respiration?

Answer 6

1. Carbohydrates: organism obtain Carbohydrates from plants which produce Carbohydrates/ glucose via photosynthesis
2. Oxygen: is produced by photosynthesizing organism

Question 7

Learn mitochondria diagram

Question 8

Why is Cristal folded into layers?

Answer 8

To increase the surface area to volume ratio inside the organelle for the process of respiration to occur faster

Question 9

What is matrix?

Answer 9

Is fluid contained in the mitochondria

Question 10

What do mitochondria have?

Answer 10

It has ribosomes and DNA floating in its matrix

Question 11

What is mitochondria?

Answer 11

Is the site of respiration and it is the powerhouse of the cell

Question 12

List the stages of aerobic respiration

Answer 12

1. Glycolysis ( cell cytoplasm)
2. Krebs cycle ( mitochondria matrix)
3. Respiratory electron transport chain ( cristae)

Question 13

Describe what happens during glycolysis?

Answer 13

Glycolysis occurs in cell cytoplasm and glucose molecules are split into 2 pyruvate molecules and few
Molecules of ATP are produced , this process does not require oxygen

Question 14

What happens during Krebs cycle?

Answer 14

Krebs cycle occurs in matrix whereby pyruvate is broken down to produce more energy,3 products formed from breaking down of pyruvate is CO2(waste product) it is excreted from the body , energy ( carried by atp) is used by organism and hydrogen ions and electrons ( carried by NADPH) are carried to the last stage of respiration electron transport chain

Question 15

What happens to ATP produced during Krebs cycle?

Answer 15

It is used by organism as source of energy

Question 17

What happens to co2 in Krebs cycle?

Answer 17

It is excreted from the body

Question 18

What happens to hydrogen ions and electrons in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 18

They are carried to the last stage of respiration electron transport chain

Question 19

Learn the diagram pg 21

Question 21

What happens during the respiratory electron transport chain stage?

Answer 21

Majority of the energy contained in the glucose molecule is released and high energy electrons from Krebs cycle move back and forth across the Cristae until all it’s energy is released into the ATP molecules, after all the energy is released from the electrons and hydrogen ions , the oxygen is used to neutralise it by combining it to form water.

Learn the diagram pg 21

Question 22

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Is where small amount of energy is released from glucose without the use of oxygen

Question 23

2 disadvantage of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 23

-maximum amount of energy cannot be extracted from glucose

• the by product ( lactic acid) can be poisonous if produced in large. Quantities

Question 24

List 1 advantage of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 24

Some energy is released in absence of oxygen

Question 25

Learn the diagram pg 22

Question 27

What is pyruvate converted to in bacteria and animals?

Answer 27

Lactic acid

Question 28

What is pyruvate converted to in plant and fungi?

Answer 28

Ethanol and co2

Question 29

Describe the stage of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 29

The only stage in anaerobic respiration is glycolysis because in absence of oxygen only glycolysis can occur to breakdown glucose into pyruvate and produce small amount of ATP

Question 30

List and explain 2 uses of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

1. Backup energy for muscle : When carrying out vigorous exercise our heart and lungs are not able to provide sufficient energy to our muscle therfore the muscle begins to carry out anaerobic respiration to supply it with oxygen until more oxygen is available 2. Fermentation: Fermentation by yeast is used in baking and brewing and Fermentation by bacteria is used in yogurt and cheese making process

Question 31

List 3 factors that affect respiration?

Answer 31

1. Cell activity- the rate respiration is highly dependent on cell activity. During vigorous exercise the such as exercising , the rate of respiration increases during resting / sleeping the rate of respiration decreases 2. Oxygen availability Greatly influences the breakdown of glucose and the amount of energy in form of ATP released. The aerobic respiration is only able to occur in presence of oxygen 3. Temperature: The activity of enzymes are affected by the temperature, as the temperature increases the rate of respiration also increases only up to an optimal range and as temperature decreases the rate respiration also decrease because too low or high temperature can slow down respiration

Question 32

Explain how glucose availability affects the rate of respiration?

Answer 32

Glucose is the source of energy for respiration and in presence of sufficient glucose ,the cellular respiration will proceed effectively and low glucose will lead to slow rate of respiration

Question 33

List 3 difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

Answer 33

Photosynthesis - occurs in chloroplast - energy from light is required -occurs in plant and some prokaryotes( not in animal) - reactants are CO2 and water Respiration - occurs in mitochondria - energy acquired from chemical reaction - occurs in plant animal and prokaryote -Products are CO2 and water