Metabolic Cell Processes Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
Process that transforms light energy from sun into chemical energy in form of glucose ,which is later used by organisms as an source of energy to fuel their activities
List equation of photosynthesis.
What are the 3 essential components of photosynthesis?
- CO2
-sunlight
-water
What is the role of CO2 in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters the leaf through the stomata and diffuses into the air spaces. It then reaches the palisade cells, where it is used in the Calvin cycle to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which is later used to produce glucose.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
Water is absorbed by the roots through osmosis and transported to the plant. An increase in water increases the supply of hydrogen ions, which combine with carbon dioxide to form G3P during photosynthesis.
What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?
Sunlight provides the energy that chlorophyll a and b in the chloroplasts absorb. This energy is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose, with chlorophyll reflecting green light and absorbing the rest of the light spectrum.
What gives plant green colour ?
Chlorophyll gives plants their green color. It is the pigment in the chloroplasts that absorbs light, primarily from the red and blue parts of the light spectrum, while reflecting green light, which is why plants appear green
What is osmosis?
Movement of water molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentrations through a semi- permeable membrane
What is diffusion?
Is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without use of energy
What is cell organelle or site responsible for carrying out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What is grana?
Is a stack of thylakoid
What is single stack of thylakoid known as?
Granum
Where is chlorophyll located on thylakoid?
It is located on top of thylakoid
Function of lamellae?
Connects the grana
What is stroma?
Is a empty space in chloroplast just similar to cytoplasm in cell
List 2 stages of photosynthesis
- Light reaction ( light dependent reaction)
- Dark reaction ( light independent reaction)
What is step 1 in light reaction and also explain it?
Photolysis - process whereby light energy trapped by chlorophyll pigment is used to spilt water molecules into oxygen (O2) , hydrogen (H+) and electron (e-)
What is step 2 in light reaction and also explain?
Exciting the electrons - sunlight energies electrons released from water
What is step 3 in the light reaction and also explain?
Electron transport chain -
High-energy electrons travel across the thylakoid membrane, releasing energy to pump protons (H⁺) into the thylakoid space. As they move they lose energy , this energy is used to produce ATP via ATP synthase in the thylakoid space . The remaining electrons are transferred to NADP⁺, forming NADPH. Both ATP and NADPH carry energy to the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) for glucose production.
What is photophosphorylation?
Is the process that uses light energy to add phosphate to ADP in order to produce ATP
What is cyclic photophosphorylation,
the process to accomplish the conversion of ADP to ATP process for immediate energy for the cells
Eg prokaryote (cynaobateria)
. When plant needs more adp or
•light energy is used to generate ATP without the production of NADPH or oxygen
What is non-cyclic photophosphorylation ?
Process whereby light energy splits water molecules which converts ADP to ATP and forms NADPH and oxygen
What does NADPH do?
Responsible for carrying electrons to the dark reactions
“Electron taxi”
Where is NADPH produced?
In the light reaction
