respiration Flashcards
Respiration
A cell needs a source of energy in order to be able to carry out all the life processes. It gets this by breaking down food molecules to release the stored chemical energy that they contain.
Where does respiration happen
In all of the cells of our body. Oxygen is used to oxidize food and carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products. The main food that is oxidized is a sugar called glucose. Glucose contains chemical energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, most of the energy is used to make ATP
What is the energy in the ATP molecules then used for?
movement
transport of molecules and ions
building molecules
cell division
aerobic respiration
It is called that because it uses oxygen.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
anaerobic respiration
-glucose is converted into lactic acid in order to produce more energy for the cells
-cells can respire without oxygen
-two examples are yeast and muscle cells
- yeast : glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
- when muscles are overworked, blood cant reach them fast enough to deliver enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, this time glucose is broken down into lactate. Anaerobic respiration provides enough energy to keep the overworked muscles going for a short period. During this, the lactate loevels rise in the muscle cells and blood. After, the lactate is respired in the mitochondria and the amount of energy needed to oxidize the lactate build up is called oxygen debt.
where does respiration happen?
in the mitochondria
gia flucose rora est i ioli
it is a carbohydrate found in food. Digestion breaks the food down releasing glucose molecules which are then absorbed into the bloodstream from the wall of the small intestine it then dissolves into plasma and diffuses into cells.
when you breathe in…
energy fills up the alveoli and diffuse into your blood stream, red blood cells carry them to a cell that needs oxygen.
what is fermentation
in some microorganisms anaerobic respiration produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid
- glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP
