Respiration Flashcards
Name the tube that carries air too and from the lungs
Trachea
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
warms and filters air before it moves to the lungs
Define ‘Breathing’
The process by which air rich in oxygen is taken into the lungs and air rich in carbon dioxide is removed
What is the purpose of rings of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi?
Support to prevent collapse
State the function of the pleural membranes
line the ribs and outside of the lungs.
Produce pleural fluid to reduce friction during breathing.
State the precise site of gas exchange
Alveoli (air sacs)
What process is involved in gas exchange?
Diffusion
The membranes lining the alveoli are referred to as
R_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S_ _ _ _ _ _ _
Respiratory Surfaces
Define ‘Diffusion’
The movement of molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How are the Respiratory Surfaces adapted for gas exchange?
Large Surface Area, Thin walls (short diffusion distances)
Moist walls. Permeable surfaces, Good blood supply.
Blood carries away absorbed oxygen, this maintains a Diffusion G_ _ _ _ _ _ _
Diffusion Gradient
When using a lung model (bell jar) what part of the respiratory system is represented by the rubber sheet at the bottom?
Diaphragm
When breathing in do the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract or relax?
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract when breathing in.
explain why the lungs fill with air when you breath in.
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
The volume of the thorax increases
The pressure decreases
Air move into the lungs from high to low pressure
Respiration is a chemical process that occurs in cells, but where exactly does it occur?
In Mitochondria
Is Respiration Exothermic or Endothermic?
Exothermic (it produces heat)
Respiration produces Energy. Give examples of how this energy is used in the body.
Heat Movement Growth
Reproduction Active Transport
What gas must be present for Aerobic Respiration?
Oxygen
What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration?
glucose +oxygen > energy + carbon dioxide +
water
What term is used to describe respiration without oxygen?
Anaerobic
What is the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 602 > energy + 6C02 + 6H20
Anaerobic Respiration can occur in mammalian muscles. What is the equation?
glucose > energy + lactic acid
Anaerobic Respiration occurs in Yeast (unicellular fungus) What is the word equation?
glucose > energy + alcohol + carbon dioxide
List 3 ways anaerobic respiration in yeast differs from aerobic respiration
anaerobic doesn’t use oxygen
anaerobic respiration produces alcohol
anaerobic respiration produces less energy
What factors could affect the rate of Respiration in Yeast?
Temperature
Concentration of Glucose
Name the indicator that can be used to investigate Respiration (it is sensitive to CO2)
Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator
Hydrogen Carbonate indicator is red in normal atmospheric conditions, but what colour does it go in high levels of CO2
Yellow
Hydrogen Carbonate indicator is red in normal atmospheric conditions, but what colour does it go in low levels of CO2
Purple
During what time of day do plants respire
Plants respire all the time (day and night)
They only photosynthesise in light.
Dawn or Dusk is a time when plants can produce the same amount of CO2 in Respiration as they use up in Photosynthesis.
What term is used to describe this condition?
Compensation Point
