Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes are made in living things. What are they made from?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define ‘Enzyme’

A

A protein that acts as a Biological Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the enzyme amylase do?

A

Breaks starch down into sugars (glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the enzyme protease do?

A

Breaks proteins down into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the enzyme lipase do?

A

Breaks fats down into glycerol and fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 3 factors that affect the rate at which an enzyme works

A

Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do reactions proceed slowly at lower temperatures

A

Low kinetic energy
(few collisions between enzyme active sites and substrates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define ‘Optimum Temperature’

A

The temperature at which the enzyme works at its maximum rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do reaction rates increase as temperature increases?

A

More kinetic energy
(more collisions between enzyme active sites and substrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name given to the ‘theory of enzyme action’?

A

Lock and Key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What part of an enzyme binds to the substrate?

A

Active Site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enzymes are ‘Specific’. What does this mean.

A

Enzymes have a uniquely shaped active site to which only one substrate can bind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do enzymes suddenly stop working at higher temperatures?

A

Bonds break in the enzyme and the shape of the active site changes (Denatured)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When an enzyme binds to a substrate, what is formed?

A

Enzyme Substrate Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain why an inhibitor slows the rate of a reaction

A

Inhibitors are the same shape as the substrate and will block the active site preventing the substrate binding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As substrate concentration changes, reaction rate increases, but only up to a certain point…why?

A

All the enzyme active sites are occupied. There are no more active sites available.

17
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

A molecule that binds to the active site, but is not broken down

18
Q

Enzymes help Digestion
Define ‘Digestion’

A

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules which can be absorbed.

19
Q

What does a biological washing powder contain?

A

Enzymes

20
Q

Give an advantage of using a biological washing powder

A

They work at lower temperatures, which can save energy.

21
Q

Where in the digestive system are molecules absorbed

A

Ileum

22
Q

How is the ileum adapted to aid absorption?

A

Large Surface Area (Long, Folds, Villi)
Thin Permeable Membranes
Good Blood Supply

23
Q

Name the finger like projections that aid absorption in the Ileum

A

Villi

24
Q

How are Villi adapted to aid absorption of digested food molecules?

A

Finger-like shape
Single layer of epithelial cells
Good blood supply

25
Q

What does the Lacteal do?

A

Carry away Glycerol and Fatty Acids

26
Q

Give 2 examples of digested foods that enter the blood capillaries in a Villus

A

Glucose and Amino Acids