respiration Flashcards
what is respiration
the chemical process of breaking down glucose to release energy
what type of reaction is respiration
exothermic
why is respiration important in animals
biosynthesis, muscle contractions, regulating body temperature
where does aerobic respiration take place
in the mitochondria
products of respiration
water and carbon dioxide
what is anaerobic respiration
the breakdown of glucose without oxygen
word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
glucose —-> (yeast) makes ethanol and carbon dioxide
difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
less energy is released in ana
what does the oil layer above the yeast cells do
prevent any oxygen from entering so the experiment stays valid
what does the human body need during exercise
more energy
what increases during exercise to supply the blood with more oxygen
heart rate, breathing rate, breath volume
what does the incomplete oxidisation of glucose cause
a build up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
what can a build up of lactic acid cause
muscle fatigue
what is oxygen debt
the extra amount of oxygen required to react with lactic acid
where must lactic acid be transported to
the liver, where it is converted back to glucose using oxygen
what do muscle cells store
glycogen which can be converted to glucose during exercise
what is metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or in the body
what do plants store glucose as
starch
whats the importance of glucose in metabolism
stored as glycogen, used for respiration
whats the importance of fatty acids and glycerol
they make lipids for cell membrane insulation
whats the importance of amino acids
to make proteins: enzynes, keratine, collagen, antibodies
2 metabolic processes in plants
photosynthesis and the production of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
what are glucose and nitrate ions used for
used to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins
what are excess proteins broken down into
urea for excretion
describe the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
aerobic: Reactants are Oxygen and Glucose, where as in anaerobic reactant is just glucose, not oxygen
aerobic respiration completely breaksdown glucose, releasing more energy where is in anaerobic respiration the glucose isnt fully broken down and less energy is released.
products of aerobic is CO2 and water
products of anaerobic in PLANTS/YEAST is Carbon dioxide and ethanol
products of anaerobic in animals is Lactic acid
describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell
glucose is absorbed into the small intestine in the villi via active transport. glucose and oxygen travel into the blood stream and are taken up in muscle cells for contraction
anaerboic respiration in yeast cells practical
suggest how the expirement could be changed to give a reproducible way to measure the rate of reaction
include any apparatus you’d use
collect CO2 with a gas syringe
record the amount of time the volume of gas was collected in using a timer / stopwatch
compare anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell and a muscle cell
differences:
Anaerobic in a yeast cell produces CO2 and ethanol, where as in a muscle cell the product is lactic acid
similarities: they both incompletely break down glucose and release little energy
