respiration

Question 1

what is respiration

Answer 1

the chemical process of breaking down glucose to release energy

Question 2

what type of reaction is respiration

Answer 2

exothermic

Question 3

why is respiration important in animals

Answer 3

biosynthesis, muscle contractions, regulating body temperature

Question 5

where does aerobic respiration take place

Answer 5

in the mitochondria

Question 6

products of respiration

Answer 6

water and carbon dioxide

Question 7

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

the breakdown of glucose without oxygen

Question 8

word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 8

glucose —-> (yeast) makes ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 9

difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

less energy is released in ana

Question 10

what does the oil layer above the yeast cells do

Answer 10

prevent any oxygen from entering so the experiment stays valid

Question 12

what does the human body need during exercise

Answer 12

more energy

Question 13

what increases during exercise to supply the blood with more oxygen

Answer 13

heart rate, breathing rate, breath volume

Question 14

what does the incomplete oxidisation of glucose cause

Answer 14

a build up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt

Question 15

what can a build up of lactic acid cause

Answer 15

muscle fatigue

Question 16

what is oxygen debt

Answer 16

the extra amount of oxygen required to react with lactic acid

Question 17

where must lactic acid be transported to

Answer 17

the liver, where it is converted back to glucose using oxygen

Question 18

what do muscle cells store

Answer 18

glycogen which can be converted to glucose during exercise

Question 19

what is metabolism

Answer 19

the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 20

what do plants store glucose as

Answer 20

starch

Question 21

whats the importance of glucose in metabolism

Answer 21

stored as glycogen, used for respiration

Question 22

whats the importance of fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 22

they make lipids for cell membrane insulation

Question 23

whats the importance of amino acids

Answer 23

to make proteins: enzynes, keratine, collagen, antibodies

Question 24

2 metabolic processes in plants

Answer 24

photosynthesis and the production of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions

Question 25

what are glucose and nitrate ions used for

Answer 25

used to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins

Question 26

what are excess proteins broken down into

Answer 26

urea for excretion

Question 27

describe the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

aerobic: Reactants are Oxygen and Glucose, where as in anaerobic reactant is just glucose, not oxygen
aerobic respiration completely breaksdown glucose, releasing more energy where is in anaerobic respiration the glucose isnt fully broken down and less energy is released.
products of aerobic is CO2 and water
products of anaerobic in PLANTS/YEAST is Carbon dioxide and ethanol
products of anaerobic in animals is Lactic acid

Question 28

describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell

Answer 28

glucose is absorbed into the small intestine in the villi via active transport. glucose and oxygen travel into the blood stream and are taken up in muscle cells for contraction

Question 29

anaerboic respiration in yeast cells practical
suggest how the expirement could be changed to give a reproducible way to measure the rate of reaction
include any apparatus you’d use

Answer 29

collect CO2 with a gas syringe
record the amount of time the volume of gas was collected in using a timer / stopwatch

Question 30

compare anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell and a muscle cell

Answer 30

differences:
Anaerobic in a yeast cell produces CO2 and ethanol, where as in a muscle cell the product is lactic acid
similarities: they both incompletely break down glucose and release little energy