digestive system

Question 1

what are carbohydrates broken down into

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

what are lipids broken down into

Answer 2

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 3

what are proteins broken down into

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

function of proteins

Answer 4

for growth and repair

Question 5

function of lipids

Answer 5

-provides insulation
-long term energy store
-protection of organs

Question 6

function carbohydrates

Answer 6

used in respiration

Question 7

what are enzymes

Answer 7

a group of large porteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 8

whats the digestive system

Answer 8

an organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food

Question 9

lock and key theory

Answer 9

enzymes with uniquely shaped active sights bind with substrates which are complimentary to the active sight to form an enzyme substrate complex

Question 10

what happens after an enzyme substrate complex is formed

Answer 10

products are released from the active sight and the enzyme remains unchanged

Question 11

what factors can affect enzyme activity

Answer 11

temperature and PH

Question 12

whats an enzyme which has been denatured

Answer 12

when the enzyme’s active sight loses its shape and is no longer complimentary to the substrate

Question 13

how does high temperature affect the enzyme

Answer 13

shape of active sight becomes denatured and substrate no longer fits

Question 14

how does increasing temperature change rate of reaction

Answer 14

particles gain more kinetic energy which increases collision frequency

Question 15

how does PH affect enzymes

Answer 15

if PH is too high or low, enzymes denature and rate of reaction slows down

Question 16

word equation for catalase experiment in potato tissue

Answer 16

hydrogen peroxide —> (catalase) makes water + oxygen

Question 17

whats the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 17

to break down food and kill bacteria

Question 18

function of epithelial tissue

Answer 18

covers outside and inside of stomach

Question 19

function of glandular tissue

Answer 19

produces digestive juices

Question 20

function of muscular tissue

Answer 20

allows food to be churned around stomach

Question 21

order/process of digestion

Answer 21

mouth - oesophagus - stomach - small intestine (pancreas and liver) - large intestine

Question 22

what happens in the mouth

Answer 22

food is chewed/broken down into smaller pieces
amylase from saliva breaks down starch

Question 23

what happens in the oesophagus

Answer 23

peristalsis

Question 24

what happens in the stomach

Answer 24

hydrochloric kills bacteria on food and provides optimum PH for proteases to break down proteins into amino acids
muscles churn food

Question 25

what happens in the small intestine

Answer 25

where absorption of nutrients take place - molecules absorbed into bloodstream

Question 26

what happens in the pancreas

Answer 26

pancreatic juice is made containing amylase, carbohydrase, lipase and protease

Question 27

what happens in the liver

Answer 27

bile is produced which speeds up digestion of lipids

Question 28

what happens in the gallbladder

Answer 28

stores bile then secretes it into small intestine

Question 29

what happens in the large intestine

Answer 29

absorbs water leaving a mass of undigested food

Question 30

what enzyme digests starch

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

where is fat digested

Answer 31

in the small intestine

Question 32

what do lipases do

Answer 32

break down lipids into glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 33

where does the breakdown of lipids happen

Answer 33

small intestine and pancreas

Question 34

where does the breakdown of protein happen

Answer 34

stomach, pancreas, small int.

Question 35

where does the breakdown of carbohydrates happen

Answer 35

pancreas, small intestine

Question 36

what does carbohydrase do

Answer 36

breakdown carbohydrates into glucose or smaller sugars

Question 37

what does amylase do

Answer 37

breakdown starch into maltose /simple sugars

Question 38

where does the breakdown of starch happen

Answer 38

pancreas, mouth (salivary glands), small int.

Question 39

what do proteases do

Answer 39

breakdown protein into amino acids

Question 40

how is optimum PH maintained in the stomach

Answer 40

by the presence of hydrochloric acid

Question 41

why is it important for bile to neutralise food from stomach

Answer 41

so PH doesn’t become acidic and fall in the small intestine. enzymes denature

Question 42

what does bile do

Answer 42

neutralise food and emulsify lipids

Question 43

how/why does bile emulsify lipids

Answer 43

bile emulsifies lipids to break them into smaller droplets which increase surface area to volume ration

Question 44

equation to show digestion of fat

Answer 44

fat –> (lipase) makes fatty acids and glycerol

Question 45

what happens to enzymes when temperature is too low

Answer 45

enzymes and substrates have less kinetic energy so they move around slower. meaning the collision frequency is much lower and fewer enzyme substrate complexes are formed

Question 46

what do digestive enzymes do

Answer 46

convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into bloodstream

Question 47

suggest why a person with coeliac disease might have symptoms of poor growth

Answer 47

coeliac disease damages the villi in the small intestine and causes it to flatten out. meaning that the surface area of it decreases and we absorb less nutrients, glucose for energy and amino acids in food which help build new proteins. all of these help us to grow so if there is a shortage of them, our growth would be very slow or even stunted.